Table 2.
Sensitivity analysis of TN utilization during the COVID period, excluding patients lost to follow-up.
| Characteristic | Had a TN visit (N = 4,944) | Did not have a TN visit (N = 4,229) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), years | 54 (37–69) | 65 (52–76) | <0.0001 |
| Female sex | 3,058 (61.8) | 2,596 (61.4) | 0.6465 |
| Race * | <0.0001 | ||
| Native American | 10 (0.2) | 9 (0.2) | |
| Asian | 197 (4.0) | 156 (3.7) | |
| Black or African American | 617 (12.5) | 805 (19.0) | |
| Pacific Islander | 17 (0.4) | 32 (0.8) | |
| Not reported | 879 (17.8) | 1,219 (28.8) | |
| White | 3,225 (65.2) | 2,008 (47.5) | |
| Preferred language | <0.0001 | ||
| Non-English | 146 (2.9) | 478 (11.3) | |
| English | 4,785 (96.7) | 3,730 (88.2) | |
| Unknown | 13 (0.3) | 21 (0.5) | |
| Insurance coverage | <0.0001 | ||
| Commercial | 2,603 (52.6) | 1,053 (24.9) | |
| Medicaid | 392 (7.9) | 779 (18.4) | |
| Medicare | 1,608 (32.5) | 2,153 (50.9) | |
| Other | 129 (2.6) | 70 (1.6) | |
| Unknown | 341 (6.9) | 244 (5.7) | |
| ZIP code AGI per household, median, $US | 98,802 (60,604–220,597) | 74,949 (50,953–173,596) | <0.0001 |
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index | <0.0001 | ||
| 0 | 3,544 (71.7) | 2,271 (53.7) | |
| 1 | 842 (17.0) | 1,025 (24.2) | |
| 2 | 298 (6.0) | 453 (10.7) | |
| ≥3 | 260 (5.3) | 480 (11.3) | |
| Health utilization during COVID19 period** | |||
| ≥1 office visit | 1,645 (33.3) | 2,932 (69.3) | <0.0001 |
| ≥1 telephone visit | 707 (14.3) | 1,386 (32.8) | <0.0001 |
| ≥1 ED visit | 351 (7.1) | 963 (22.8) | <0.0001 |
| ≥1 hospital admission | 304 (6.1) | 581 (13.7) | <0.0001 |
Data are reported as N (%), unless otherwise noted.
*
Race variable is imputed as described in Methods.
**
Percentages may not add to 100% since categories are not mutually exclusive.
TN, teleneurology; COVID19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range; ED, emergency department; AGI, annual gross income.