Table 1.

The measurement of ferroptosis.

Detection	Methods	References
Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and death	CCK-8, LDH release, and TUNEL	[136, 137]
Iron levels	Flow cytometry or confocal via Phen Green SK probes, chromogen method, Iron/TIBC reagent	[138]
ROS levels and lipid peroxidation	MDA, 4HNE, flow cytometry via BODIPY and DCFH-DA, JC-1, GSH	[139–142]
Mitochondrial oxidative stress	Mito TEMPO	[143]
Biomarker proteins	NRF2, NCOA4, HO-1, GPX4, FTH, COX2, PTGS2, ACSL4, NOX1, SLC7A11, metallothionein-1	[126]
Morphology	TEM	[144, 145]

Note: CCK-8 Cell Counting Kit, NRF2 nuclear respiratory factor 2, NCOA4 nuclear receptor coactivator 4, HO-1 heme oxygenase-1, FTH heavy peptide ferritin, TEM transmission electron microscopy, ACSL4 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, NOX1 NADPH oxidase activator 1, SLC7A11 cysteine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11.