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. 2022 Feb 24;10(2):e00940. doi: 10.1002/prp2.940

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

2‐Deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced shock and LPS‐induced acute lung inflammation. (A) Eight‐week‐old B6 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected LPS (0.8 mg/mouse) with (n = 15) or without (n = 15) 20 mg 2‐DG. Two hours after injection, these mice were intraperitoneally injected 0.8 mg LPS. Survival was monitored for 4 days and analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method; data were compared between the two groups using the Log‐rank (Mantel‐Cox) test. p < .0001. (B) Two hours after LPS injection as described in (A), serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were measured by ELISAs. Results were analysed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. ****p < .0001, ***p < .001, and *p < .05. Graphs are presented as the mean ±s.d. (n = 6). (C) Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), 10 kDa interferon‐gamma‐induced protein (IP‐10), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α mRNAs in left lung tissue 2 days after LPS injection as described in (A). Significant differences were determined using the unpaired two‐tailed t‐test. ****p < .0001 and ***p < .001. (D) Mice were injected i.p. (n = 3) with or without 20 mg 2‐DG and 100 mg/kg methylprednisolone (mPSL), Subsequently, 10 mg/kg LPS was injected intratracheally. Two days after LPS injection, histological sections of the left lung (Mock, LPS intratracheally injected, LPS+2DG treated, LPS+mPSL treated, and LPS+2DG+mPSL treated) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (left panel, ×2 and ×20) and with the anti‐F4/80 antibody (right panel, ×2 and ×20). Experiments were repeated three times independently with similar results. (E) LPS‐induced lung edema as described in (D). Results were analysed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. ***p < .001, **p < .01, and *p < .05. (F) Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis of MCP‐1 and IP‐10 mRNAs in left lung tissue 2 days after LPS injection as described in (D). Results were analysed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. ****p < .0001, ***p < .001, **p < .01, and *p < .05