Table 2.

Indices for assessing equity in health financing.

Index type	Description
Gini index	The Gini index is derived from the Lorenz curve which shows the distribution of income across households, ranked in ascending order. The Gini ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 representing perfect equality in the distribution of ATP and 1 representing perfect inequality.6
Concentration index	The concentration index is derived from the concentration curve that plots the cumulative percentage share of health care payments for each household in the same ascending order as the Lorenz curve.3 The concentration index ranges from -1 (all health care payments are made by the poorest households) to 1 (all health care payments are made by the richest households).31,52
Kakwani index	The Kakwani index is obtained as the difference between the concentration and the Gini index.