. 2022 Jan 10;8(1):380–394. doi: 10.1002/cre2.526

Table 7.

Unadjusted and adjusted risk associations for the moderate‐severe periodontitis defined using the CDC/AAP criteria

	CDC/AAP moderate‐severe periodontitis, adjusted model summary: Nagelkerke R ² = 0.327; (p < .001)
	Unadjusted odds ratios		Adjusted odds ratios
Risk determinants	OR (95% CI)	p values	OR (95% CI)	p values
Age
<35 years^a	1.0		1.0
35+ years	13.0 (6.5, 25.9)	<.001	12.0 (5.6, 25.8)	<.001
Sex
Females^a	1.0		1.0
Males	2.0 (1.2, 3.3)	.006	1.1 (0.6, 2.1)	.822
Education
>High school^a	1.0		1.0
≤High school	1.7 (1.0, 2.7)	.003	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)	.786
Household monthly income
Higher ≥5000 Saudi Riyal^a	1.0		1.0
Lower <5000 Saudi Riyal	1.5 (0.9, 2.4)	.101	2.1 (1.2, 3.7)	.014
Diabetes mellitus
Other^a	1.0		1.0
No glycemic control	3.7 (1.4, 9.4)	.007	0.9 (0.3, 2.7)	.839
Obesity
Non‐obese^a	1.0		1.0
Obese	2.5 (1.2, 5.2)	.015	1.6 (0.7, 3.7)	.300
Cigarette smoking
Never‐smokers^a	1.0		1.0
Former smokers	2.2 (0.8, 5.7)	.113	1.5 (0.7, 3.7)	.466
Current smokers	4.0 (1.7, 9.4)	.002	4.2 (1.5, 11.7)	.006
Perceived stress
Higher (≥42.1)^a	1.0		1.0
Lower (≤42)	1.4 (0.9, 2.2	.166	1.3 (0.8, 2.3)	.343
Perceived social support
Higher (≥69.5)^a	1.0		1.0
Lower (<69.5)	1.0 (0.6, 1.5)	.834	0.9 (0.5, 1.5)	.636

Note: Unadjusted odds ratio: one determinant (bivariate logistic regression), adjusted odds ratio: multiple determinants (multivariate logistic regression).

Abbreviations: AAP, American Academy of Periodontology; CI, confidence interval; EFP, European Federation of Periodontology; OR, odds ratio.

^{^a}

Reference category.