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. 2022 Feb 11;13:718786. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.718786

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Copyright © 2022 Khodavirdipour, Chamanrokh, Alikhani and Alikhani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) B. subtilis has an essential role against COVID-19-associated inflammation. (A) Shows that the BS produced by B. subtilis due to its anti-inflammatory property can be a perfect candidate against COVID-19. When the virus enters the host cell, with the help of TMPRSS2 by cleaving the S protein to S! and 2 subunits, it will bind to ACE2 receptor. Consequently, the replication of virus initiated to NF-κB pathway will stimulate the cytokine storm release. At this phase, offering COVID-19 patients surfactin in addition to other medications promises to inhibit the NF-κB production by affecting the TH1 and HO-1 macrophages, which will decrease the cytokine storm impacts and COVID-19-associated inflammation. (B) Antiviral mechanism of BS against SARS-CoV-2 virus; BS shall work on the structure of the virus such as lipid envelope and spike protein, and also can rapture the outer membrane and inactivate the virus by targetting the genetic material. Disruption of viral structure will result in the formation of micelle and engulfment of vital parts and turn it into an inactive form.