Table 1.

Emerging technology governance ecosystem map.

Level	Stakeholder	Role	Motivation
Market and industry	Big-Tech firms	They make AI and blockchain applications and new digital services	Ambition and profit
	Entrepreneurs and start-ups	They innovate AI and blockchain applications	Stakeholders dividends, profit
	Consumers	They use digital products and services and provide data	Efficiency and cost
	Investors	They provide seed capital to fund digital innovations	Financial returns
Civil society	Non-government standards bodies	They set standards and principles for responsible adoption of digital technologies	Mission
	Non-government organizations	They are advocates, watchdogs and quasi-regulators	Mission and human rights
	Activist academics	Watchdogs and provide knowledge base on ethical issues around emerging technologies	Driven by intellectual curiosity
	Non–profits; media platforms	They put a spotlight on the digital industry by highlighting the good, bad, and ugly	Mission
Public sector	Regulatory bodies	They investigate and punish regulatory breaches	Public safety, efficiency, cost, consumer protection
	Innovation investors	They invest in digital innovation through R&D, capacity building, entrepreneurship funds, etc.	Country mission
	Governance councils	They coordinate efforts for responsible adoption of AI	Innovation and ethics
	Multinational bodies	They set policies and standards	Innovation
	Advisory councils	They advise governments and policies and strategies	Mission