Table 4.
Determinants of obesity among women of childbearing age in South Africa
| ` | Survey year AOR (95% CI) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Determinants | 1998 | 2008 | 2010/2011 | 2012 | 2014/2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
| Age | |||||||
| 15–24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 25–34 | 3.71*** | 2.79*** | 3.24*** | 3.74*** | 3.65*** | 3.24*** | 3.95*** |
| (2.91–4.71) | (2.17–3.59) | (2.55–4.12) | (3.01–4.65) | (3.01–4.42) | (2.42–4.33) | (3.28–4.75) | |
| 35–49 | 6.87*** | 6.46*** | 5.88*** | 6.53*** | 6.34*** | 6.61*** | 5.86*** |
| (5.40–8.73) | (5.05–8.28) | (4.70–7.37) | (5.28–8.06) | (5.17–7.77) | (5.10–8.57) | (4.89–7.02) | |
| Population group | |||||||
| Non-Black African | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Black African | 1.71*** | 1.21 | 1.31 | 1.46* | 0.98 | 1.52* | 1.03 |
| (1.33–2.19) | (0.86–1.70) | (0.91–1.91) | (1.01–2.11) | (0.73–1.31) | (1.01–2.29) | (0.82–1.30) | |
| Education | |||||||
| No schooling/Primary | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Secondary | 0.90 | 1.11 | 1.29* | 1.34* | 1.06 | 1.19 | 1.03 |
| (0.73–1.10) | (0.91–1.35) | (1.04–1.60) | (1.07–1.67) | (0.86–1.30) | (0.87–1.63) | (0.82–1.30) | |
| Tertiary | 0.59** | 0.93 | 1.29 | 1.38* | 1.24 | 1.00 | 1.07 |
| (0.40–0.85) | (0.67–1.27) | (0.94–1.78) | (1.01–1.88) | (0.92–1.66) | (0.65–1.55) | (0.80–1.41) | |
| Area of residence | |||||||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| urban | 1.32* | 1.23 | 1.29* | 1.24 | 1.09 | 0.88 | 1.23* |
| (1.03–1.70) | (0.95–1.59) | (1.03–1.63) | (0.99–1.54) | (0.88–1.35) | (0.69–1.13) | (1.00–1.52) | |
| Current smoking status | 0.68* | 0.73 | 0.87 | 1.21 | 0.65* | 1.12 | 0.57*** |
| (0.50–0.93) | (0.50–1.07) | (0.51–1.50) | (0.74–1.97) | (0.44–0.96) | (0.70–1.78) | (0.43–0.74) | |
| Socioeconomic quintiles | |||||||
| 1 (poorest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 (poor) | 1.24 | 1.13 | 1.85*** | 1.23 | 1.09 | 1.40 | 1.28* |
| (0.89–1.72) | (0.82–1.56) | (1.36–2.52) | (0.96–1.56) | (0.86–1.38) | (1.00–1.96) | (1.03–1.58) | |
| 3 (middle) | 1.47* | 1.23 | 1.77** | 0.89 | 1.49** | 1.84*** | 1.45** |
| (1.04–2.07) | (0.90–1.68) | (1.26–2.48) | (0.67–1.18) | (1.16–1.93) | (1.29–2.63) | (1.10–1.91) | |
| 4 (rich) | 1.76** | 1.37 | 1.70** | 1.47* | 1.34 | 1.79** | 1.60*** |
| (1.22–2.53) | (0.94–1.99) | (1.16–2.50) | (1.07–2.01) | (0.96–1.87) | (1.22–2.61) | (1.24–2.06) | |
| 5 (richest) | 1.74** | 1.27 | 1.78** | 1.63* | 1.26 | 2.19** | 1.15 |
| (1.18–2.56) | (0.80–2.04) | (1.17–2.70) | (1.09–2.45) | (0.87–1.82) | (1.33–3.59) | (0.84–1.57) | |
| Constant | 0.042*** | 0.085*** | 0.060*** | 0.057*** | 0.12*** | 0.073*** | 0.11*** |
| (0.027–0.063) | (0.053–0.14) | (0.037–0.097) | (0.036–0.089) | (0.084–0.19) | (0.041–0.13) | (0.076–0.16) | |
| Observations | 4993 | 5785 | 6286 | 7594 | 9034 | 3262 | 9342 |
AOR Adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence intervals in parentheses
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05