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The proposed PP-enhanced AMPK pathway for an antidiabetic effect. PP sample (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFS) extract full) enhances the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which triggers the activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) [47]. The latter enzyme induces the exocytosis and translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, enhancing the influx of glucose into the cell.
