Table 1.

Common or clinically relevant Babesia and Theileria species affecting humans and animals in North America.

Pathogen	Tick Vectors	Affected Hosts	References
Babesia microti	Ixodes scapularis	Humans	[7,8,9]
B. duncani	Dermacentor albipictus	Humans	[10]
B. divergens-like	ND	Humans	[11]
B. bigemina	Rhipicephalus microplus, R. annulatus	Cattle	[12,13,14]
B. bovis	R. microplus, R. annulatus	Cattle	[12,13,14]
B. gibsoni	R. sanguineus *	Dogs	[15]
B. vogeli	R. sanguineus	Dogs	[15]
B. conradae	ND	Dogs	[16]
B. vulpes	ND	Dogs	[17]
B. caballi	D. albipictus, D. variabilis, D. nitens	Equids	[18,19]
B. odocoilei	I. scapularis	White-tailed deer, reindeer, and elk	[20]
Theileria equi	D. nitens; Amblyomma mixtum	Horses	[18]
T. haneyi	ND	Horses	[21]
T. orientalis genotype ikeda	Haemaphysalis longicornis	Cattle	[22]
T. cervi	A. americanum	White-tailed deer, elk, and mule deer	[23,24]

ND, Not determined; * Transmission of B. gibsoni by R. sanguineus has not been demonstrated in NA.