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. 2022 Jan 28;13(2):142. doi: 10.3390/insects13020142

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic of taste signaling: (A) Sweet/bitter taste signaling pathway: Formation of the receptor–ligand complex activates a non-specific cation channel. This leads to an influx of cations into the GRNs, leading to their membrane depolarization and further transmission of the signal. In addition, bitter tastants such as aristolochic acid utilize TRPA1 and opsins to perform a repulsive gustatory response [202]; (B) Salt taste signaling pathway: When D. melanogaster larvae detect a salty ligand, the PPK11 and PPK19 channels open up. This leads to an influx of cations into the GRNs, leading to their membrane depolarization. Contrarily, in case of adult flies, Gr64f, Gr66a, and Ir76b are involved in salt signaling (Modified from [181]).