19F MRI/FMRI	Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
19F NMR	Fluorine-19 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
1H MRI/HMRI	Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging
AFM	Atomic Force Microscopy
ATRP	Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
BALB/c	Albino, laboratory-bred strain of the house mouse
BODIPy	Boron-dipyrromethene
C NMR	Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
CA	Contrast Agent
CD	Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
CLSM	Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
CM	Confocal Microscopy
CrM	Correlation Microscopy
C-SEM	Scanning Cryo-Electron microscopy
CT	Computed Tomography
C-TEM	Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy
CuAAC	Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition
CyA	Cytotoxicity Assays. The usually used assays are I.3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT Assay), II.Lactate Dehydrogenase colorimetric Colorimetric assay Assay (LDH),
DC	Dendritic cellsCells
DLS	Dynamic Light Scattering
DOSY	Diffusion Ordered 2D-NMR Spectroscopy
EA	Elemental Analyzer
EDX	Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
EGDMA	Ethylene Glycol Dimethylacrylate
ELS	Electrophoretic Light Scattering
EMA	European Medicines Agency
EPR	Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum
FA	Fluorescence Anisotropy
FC	Flow Cytometry
FDA	The Food and Drug Administration
FDK	Fluorinated β-diketones
Fe3O4	Iron Oxide/Magnetite
FI	Fluorescence Imaging
FITC	Fluorescein Isothiocyanate
FLAME	Fluorine Accumulated Silica NP for MRI Contrast Enhancement
FM	Fluorescence Microscopy
FTIR	Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
GBCAs	Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents
Gd(III)/Gd3+	Gadolinium-III
GPC	Gel Permeation Chromatography
HAADF-STEM	High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
HBIPF	Hyperbranched Iodopolymer Containing 19F
HepG2 Cells	Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
HNMR	Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
HNT	Halloysite Nanotube
HPLC	High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
HRTEM	High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
ICG	Indocyanine Green
ICP-AES	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
ICP-MS	Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
KB cells	Human Nasopharyngeal Epidermal Carcinoma
LDV	Laser Doppler Velocimetry
LSPR	Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
MALDI-TOF-MS	Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
MD	Atomistic Molecular Dynamic Simulations
mPEG	Monodisperse Poly (ethylene-glycol)
MR	Magnetic Resonance
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRS	Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
NIR	Near Infrared
NIRS	Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NP	Nanoparticle
NTA	Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
OEGA	Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Acrylate
PAGE	Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
PAI	Photoacoustic Imaging
PEG	Poly (ethylene-glycol)
PEGMA	Poly-(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate
PET	Positron Emission Tomography
PFC	Perfluorocarbon
PFCE	Perfluoro-15-crown-5 ether
PFDCO	Perfluorodichlorooctane
PFOB	Perfluorooctyl Bromide
PFP	Perfluoropropane
PFPE	Perfluoropolyether
PFTB	Perfluoro-tert-butanol
PLGA	Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PRE	Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement
PTT	Photothermal Therapy
QCM	Quartz Crystal Microbalance
RAFT	Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization
RF	Radiofrequency
ROMBP	Ring-Opening Multibranching Polymerization
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
SANS	Small Angle Neutron Scattering
SEC	Size Exclusion Chromatography
SEM	Scanning Electron Microscope
SLS	Static Light Scattering
SNR	Signal/Contrast-to-Noise Ratio
SPECT	Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
STEM	Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
TAM	Tumour-associated macrophages
TEM	Transmission Electron Microscope
TFEA	2,2,2-trifluoroethyl Acrylate
TGA	Thermogravimetric Analysis
TM	Turbidometry
TPFBME	1,1,1-tris(perfluorotert- butoxymethyl)ethane
UC	Upconversion
US	Ultrasound
UV–Vis	UV/Vis Absorption Spectra
XPS	X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
XRD	X-Ray Diffraction
ZP	Zeta Potential