Table A1.
Herbal Medicines Used in the Included Studies.
| Study | Name of Herbal Medicine (Manufacturer, If Available) | Components |
|---|---|---|
| Furuhashi 2011 [20] | Yokukansan (Tsumura Co., Tokyo, Japan) | Atractylodis Rhizoma, Hoelen, Cnidii Rhizoma, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix |
| Furukawa 2017 [21] | Yokukansan (Tsumura Co., Tokyo, Japan) | Atractylodis Rhizoma, Hoelen, Cnidii Rhizoma, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix |
| Heo 2008 [22] | Korean red ginseng (Korea Ginseng Co., Daejoen, Korea) | Ginseng Radix |
| Lee 2008 [23] | Korean white ginseng powder (Nonghyup Co., Seoul, Korea) | Ginseng Radix |
| Liu 2013 [24] | Bushenhuatanyizhi Granule | Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Ginseng Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Hoelen, Polygalae Radix |
| Mazza 2006 [25] | EGb 761® | Ginkgo biloba |
| Meng 2005 [26] | Naohuandan (Guizhou Pharmaceutical Factory, Guizhou, China) | Drynariae Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix, Lumbricus |
| Pakdaman 2015 [27] | MLC601 (NeuroAiDTM) (Moleac, Singapole) |
Hirudo, Saigae Tataricae Cornu, Scorpio, Eupolyphaga, Artificial Calculus Bovis, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Polygalae Radix, Prunus Persica, Carthami Flos, Acori Graminei Rhizoma |
| Pan 2014 [28] | Shen-Zhi-Ling Oral Liquid (Shandong Wohua Pharmaceuticals, Shandong, China) | Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Hoelen, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Fossilia Ossis Mastodi, Ostreae Concha |
| Wang 2020 [29] | Jiannao Yizhi Formula (Beijing Kangrentang Pharmaceuticals, Beijing, China) | Ginseng Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Broussonetiae Fructus |
| Yancheva 2009 [30] | EGb 761® | Ginkgo biloba |
| Zhang 2015c [31] | Yishen Huazhuo Decoction (Shenzhen Sanjiu Modern Chinese Medicine Limited Company, Shenzhen, China) | Epimedii Herba, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Psoraleae Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Astragali Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Acori Graminei Rhizoma |
| Chen 2011a [32] | Bu Yuan Cong Nao Tang | Lycii Fructus, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Psoraleae Semen, Cistanches Herba, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Astragali Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Curcumae Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Hirudo, Glycyrrhizae Radix |
| Chen 2011b [33] | Bushen Phlegm Stasis Compound | Astragali Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Psoraleae Semen, Cistanches Herba, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Curcumae Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Hirudo, Glycyrrhizae Radix |
| Chen 2010 [34] | Compound Polygonum multiflorum extract | Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma, Morindae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Ginkgo Folium, Acori Graminei Rhizoma |
| Cheng 2013 [35] | Yangxueqingnao Granule (Tianjin Tasly Pharmaceuticals, Tianjin, China) | Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Margaritifera Usta Concha, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata |
| Chi 2018 [36] | Bushen Tianjing Yisui Prescription | Astragali Radix, Folium Callicarpae Formosanae, Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix, Coicis Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Hoelen, Corni Fructus, Psoraleae Semen, Curculiginis Rhizoma, Spatholobi Caulis, Epimedii Herba, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Crataegi Fructus, Cuscutae Semen, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Polygonati Rhizoma, Agrimoniae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Cervi Cornu, Sanguisorbae Radix, Morindae Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex |
| Gong 2019 [37] | “Reinforcing Kidney and Removing Blood Stasis” Formula | Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix, Epimedii Herba, Puerariae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix |
| Gu 2014 [38] | Dihuang Yizhi Formula | Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Hominis Placenta, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Testudinis Plastrum, Hoelen Cum Radix, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus |
| Gu 2019 [39] | Yizhi Chidai Recipe | Rehmanniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Astragali Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Curcumae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Cervi Cornus Colla, Rhei Rhizoma |
| Guan 2017 [40] | Di Yong Yizhi Granule | Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Cistanches Herba, Morindae Radix, Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Cuscutae Semen, Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Polygalae Radix, Lumbricus, Citri Pericarpium Hoelen, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix |
| Guo 2011 [41] | Zhibai Dihuang Tang | Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Corni Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Hoelen, Moutan Cortex Radicis |
| Hu 2015 [42] | Bushen Tongluo Decoction | Polygonati Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Epimedii Herba, Cuscutae Semen, Ginseng Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Notoginseng Radix, Polygalae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, Ginkgo Folium + additional herbs based on pattern identification |
| Huang 2018 [43] | Bushenyisui Formula (China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceuticals, Shenzhen, China) | Psoraleae Semen, Astragali Radix, Epimedii Herba, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma |
| Jiang 2018 [44] | Jiannao Powder | Ginseng Radix, Cervi Parvum Cornu, Strychni Semen, Lumbricus, Hominis Placenta, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Lycii Fructus, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Scorpio, Galli Stomachichum Corium, Eupolyphaga, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Curcumae Radix, Carthami Flos |
| Li 2015 [45] | Bupi Yishen Decoction | Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Corni Fructus, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Lycii Fructus, Cuscutae Semen, Epimedii Herba, Ginseng Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Cnidii Rhizoma, Angelicae Gigantis Radix |
| Li 2018a [46] | Congrong Yizhi Capsules (Liao Yuan YuLong YaDong Pharmaceuticals, Liaoyuan, China) | Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Lumbricus, Nelumbinis folium, Echinopsis Radix, Cistanches Herba |
| Li 2016a [47] | Renshen Bujing Anshen Formula | Ginseng Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Hoelen, Cistanches Herba, Mori Fructus, Margaritifera Usta Concha, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Cnidii Rhizoma, Fossilia Dentis Mastodi, Scutellariae Radix, Citri Pericarpium, Persicae Semen + additional herbs based on pattern identification |
| Li 2016b [48] | Huang Cong Formula | Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Corni Fructus, Morindae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Alismatis Rhizoma, Hoelen Cum Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix, Achyranthis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix |
| Li 2016c [49] | Tonifying Kidney Prescription | Epimedii Herba, Psoraleae Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Astragali Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Acori Graminei Rhizoma |
| Li 2014 [50] | Bushen Huoxue Decoction | Astragali Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Ecliptae Herba, Eucommiae Cortex, Rubi Fructus, Curculiginis Rhizoma, Epimedii Herba, Cnidii Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Trogopterorum Faeces, Typhae Pollen |
| Li 2018b [51] | Bushen Yizhi Formula | Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Lycii Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma, Cnidii Fructus, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Hirudo, Polygalae Radix |
| Li 2017 [52] | Modified Shuyu Pill | Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Eucommiae Cortex, Lycii Fructus, Hoelen, Polygalae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma |
| Li 2002 [53] | Danggui Shaoyao San | Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen, Alismatis Rhizoma + additional herbs based on pattern identification |
| Liang 2010 [54] | Bushenyizhi Granule (Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceuticals, Jiangyin, China) | Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Morindae Radix, Cistanches Herba, Epimedii Herba, Dendrobii Herba, Liriopis Tuber, Hoelen, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Lumbricus, Corni Fructus, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma, Hirudo |
| Lin 2006 [55] | 1. Taioxin 2. Bushen |
1. Taioxin: Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix, Polygalae Radix, Hoelen, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Acori Graminei Rhizoma 2. Bushen: Rehmanniae Radix, Lycii Fructus, Corni Fructus, Liriopis Tuber |
| Lin 2017 [56] | Phlegm-resolving Orifice-Opening Decoction | Arisaematis Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Lumbricus, Astragali Radix, Cistanches Herba, Hoelen, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Citri Pericarpium, Mume Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix |
| Lin 2018 [57] | Bu Shen Yi Sui Decoction | Epimedii Herba, Psoraleae Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma, Acori Graminei Rhizoma |
| Liu 2010 [58] | Yizhi Jiannao Granule (Hunan Dekang Pharmaceuticals, Hunan, China) | Epimedii Herba, Cynomorii Herba, Dipsaci Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Biotae Semen, Hirudo, Notoginseng Radix |
| Peng 2009 [59] | Yizhi Jiannao Granule (Hunan Dekang Pharmaceuticals, Hunan, China) | Epimedii Herba, Cynomorii Herba, Dipsaci Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Biotae Semen, Hirudo, Notoginseng Radix |
| Shan 2017 [60] | Bushen Yizhi Granule | Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Dendrobii Herba, Cistanches Herba, Morindae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Lumbricus, Epimedii Herba, Hoelen, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Schisandrae Fructus, Corni Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Hirudo |
| Wu 2018 [61] | Huonaoshu Capsules (Huinan Changlong Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Huinan, China) | Pig’s brain, Ginseng Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Schisandrae Fructus, Lycii Fructus, Rehmanniae Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix |
| Yang 2013 [62] | Yizhi Jiannao Granule (Hunan Dekang Pharmaceuticals, Hunan, China) | Epimedii Herba, Cynomorii Herba, Dipsaci Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Biotae Semen, Hirudo, Notoginseng Radix |
| Yang 2018a [62] | Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang | Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, Ephedrae Herba, Asia Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Epimedii Herba, Morindae Radix, Cuscutae Semen, Lycii Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix + additional herbs based on pattern identification |
| Yu 2012 [64] | Herbal medicine based on syndrome differentiation | Prescription based on syndrome differentiation (pattern identification) |
| Yang 2018b [65] | Tiaoxin (Jiangsu Tianjiang Pharmaceuticals, Jiangsu, China) | Astragali Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Bupleuri Radix |
| Yu 2006 [66] | “Reinforcing kidney, activating blood and resolving phlegm” Formula | Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Polygonati Rhizoma, Cnidii Fructus, Sesami Semen Nigrum, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Arisaematis Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Lumbricus, Carthami Flos, Puerariae Radix, Hirudo, Notoginseng Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma |
| Yuan 2017 [67] | Bushen Yizhi Granule | Hirudo, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Cnidii Rhizoma, Morindae Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Cistanches Herba, Polygalae Radix, Epimedii Herba, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Dendrobii Herba, Corni Fructus, Liriopis Tuber, Lumbricus, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Hoelen |
| Zhang 2015b [67] | Shen Gui Yizhi Formula | Ginseng Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Hirudo, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Cuscutae Semen, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Hoelen, Glycyrrhizae Radix |
| Zhang 2015a [69] | Yizhi Xingnao Fang | Ginseng Radix, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Rhodiola Rosea, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Lumbricus |
| Zhang 2018b [70] | Qingxin Yizhi Decoction | Astragali Radix, Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Lumbricus, Cannabis Semen, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Persicae Semen, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Glycyrrhizae Radix + additional herbs based on pattern identification |
| Zhang 2018c [71] | Dihuang Yinzi Decoction (China Resources Sanjiu Pharmaceuticals, Shenzhen, China) | Polygalae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Corni Fructus, Liriopis Tuber, Schisandrae Fructus, Dendrobii Herba, Cistanches Herba, Morindae Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex, Hoelen, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Jujubae Fructus, Menthae Herba |
| Zhang 2008 [72] | Shenghuangyizhi Granule | Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix, Testudinis Plastrum |
| Zhang 2018a [73] | Compound Danshen Tablet (Beijing Tongrentang Technology Development Co., Beijing, China) | Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Notoginseng Radix, Borneolum Syntheticum |
| Zhou 2007 [74] | Reinhartdt and Sea Cucumber Capsule (Zhejiang Hangkang Marine Biopharmaceuticals, Zhejiang, China) | Stichopus, Stichopus, Polygalae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma |
| Zhu 2010 [75] | Yizhi Jiannao Granule (Hunan Dekang Pharmaceuticals, Hunan, China) | Epimedii Herba, Cynomorii Herba, Dipsaci Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Biotae Semen, Hirudo, Notoginseng Radix |
| Wang 2018 [76] | Bushen Huatan Yizhi Decoction | Polygonati Rhizoma, Cistanches Herba, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Hoelen Cum Radix, Curcumae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Eucommiae Cortex, Polygalae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Hominis Placenta, Glycyrrhizae Radix |