Table 2.
NPC secrete inflammatory cytokines in response to TLR stimulation.
| KC (n = 3) | IL6 | TNF | IL10 | |||
| Stimulation | pg/mL | p-Value | pg/mL | p-Value | pg/mL | p-Value |
| w/o | 1647.4 ± 1095.5 | 10.2 ± 7.4 | 54.3 ± 12.3 | |||
| Pam3CSK4 | 4729.3 ± 3837.2 | 0.231 | 522.8 ± 371.9 | 0.063 | 145.4 ± 47.8 | 0.020 |
| HKLM | 17,167.7 ± 5.829.6 | 0.005 | 664.4 ± 339.7 | 0.021 | 377.0 ± 192.1 | 0.033 |
| poly(I:C) | 12,772.3 ± 6479.3 | 0.030 | 96.0 ± 42.1 | 0.016 | 47.5 ± 9.4 | 0.459 |
| LPS | 15,717.3 ± 9325.7 | 0.047 | 706.3 ± 349.9 | 0.018 | 189.9 ± 50.9 | 0.005 |
| flagellin | 27,573.0 ± 12,656.3 | 0.016 | 957.0 ± 309.9 | 0.003 | 365.3 ± 145.5 | 0.014 |
| FSL-I | 9553.0 ± 3537.5 | 0.010 | 500.3 ± 379.5 | 0.076. | 131.2 ± 27.2 | 0.003 |
| Gdq | 7703.3 ± 6502.5 | 0.169 | 652.1 ± 271.9 | 0.009 | 293.8 ± 161.1 | 0.050 |
| ssRNA40 | 4926.4 ± 1678.9 | 0.020 | 486.7 ± 367.5 | 0.075 | 133.1 ± 43.6 | 0.025 |
| ODN2216 | 1506.5 ± 684.2 | 0.855 | 54.5 ± 20.1 | 0.011 | 59.2 ± 10.6 | 0.617 |
| LSEC (n = 3) | IL6 | TNF | IL10 | |||
| Stimulation | pg/mL | p-Value | pg/mL | p-Value | pg/mL | p-Value |
| w/o | 223.5 ± 44.2 | 10.2 ± 7.4 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | |||
| Pam3CSK4 | 280.1 ± 104.6 | 0.418 | 522.8 ± 371.9 | 0.063 | 9.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| HKLM | 575.4 ± 323.5 | 0.119 | 664.4 ± 339.7 | 0.021 | 11.6 ± 1.6 | 0.001 |
| poly(I:C) | 3582.7 ± 81.8 | <0.001 | 96.0 ± 42.1 | 0.016 | 9.1 ± 2.4 | 0.083 |
| LPS | 2310.8 ± 399.2 | <0.001 | 706.3 ± 349.9 | 0.018 | 17.1 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
| flagellin | 2417.7 ± 740.5 | 0.004 | 957.0 ± 309.9 | 0.003 | 26.7 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |
| FSL-I | 2408.8 ± 821.7 | 0.006 | 500.3 ± 379.5 | 0.076 | 16.0 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Gdq | 557.8 ± 186.0 | 0.025 | 652.1 ± 271.9 | 0.009 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 0.004 |
| ssRNA40 | 1578.1 ± 1132.4 | 0.093 | 486.7 ± 367.5 | 0.075 | 9.2 ± 2.8 | 0.110 |
| ODN2216 | 195.4 ± 28.9 | 0.381 | 54.5 ± 20.1 | 0.011 | 6.5 ± 1.4 | 0.605 |
| HSC (n = 3) | IL6 | TNF | IL10 | |||
| Stimulation | pg/mL | p-Value | pg/mL | p-Value | pg/mL | p-Value |
| w/o | 4402.6 ± 1393.1 | 17.5 ± 0.2 | 11→0.3 | |||
| Pam3CSK4 | 13,136.6 ± 3321.4 | 0.004 | 18.1 ± 0.5 | 0.159 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.335 |
| HKLM | 14,080.1 ± 4014.4 | 0.007 | 18.8 ± 1.0 | 0.091 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 0.119 |
| poly(I:C) | 66,950.4 ± 66,005.2 | <0.001 | 20.5 ± 2.9 | 0.146 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.845 |
| LPS | 54,034.3 ± 12,470.9 | 0.001 | 18.4 ± 0.5 | 0.029 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 0.092 |
| flagellin | 55,203.0 ± 11,846.5 | 0.001 | 20.7 ± 0.3 | <0.001 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 0.003 |
| FSL-I | 15,057.0 ± 4792.6 | 0.011 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 0.009 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 0.119 |
| Gdq | 7390.0 ± 2607.3 | 0.120 | 19.2 ± 1.2 | 0.070 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.153 |
| ssRNA40 | 5127.7 ± 1352.6 | 0.532 | 17.7 ± 0.3 | 0.318 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.296 |
| ODN2216 | 5575.7 ± 1158.2 | 0.289 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 0.003 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.217 |
Secretion of inflammatory cytokines was determined in untreated NPC (w/o) or in cells treated with TLR ligands for 24 h. Data represent concentrations in pg/mL as mean ± SD. Abbreviations: FSL-I; synthetic lipoprotein (TLR2/6 ligand); Gdq, Gardiquimod (TLR7 ligand); HKLM, Heat Killed Listeria monocytogenes (TLR2 ligand); HSC, hepatic stellate cells; KC, Kupffer cells; LPS, lipopolysaccharide (TLR4 ligand); LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; ODN2216, synthetic single-stranded DNA (TLR9 ligand); Pam3CSK4, synthetic triacylated lipopeptide (TLR1/2 ligand); poly(I:C), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (TLR3 ligand); SD, standard deviation; ssRNA40, single-stranded RNA oligonucleotide (TLR8 ligand); TLR, Toll-like receptor; w/o (without treatment).