| ABA | Abscisic acid |
| BR | Brassinosteroid |
| CFP | Cyan fluorescent protein |
| CRISPR | Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
| DAP | Days after anthesis |
| GFP | Green fluorescent protein |
| GA | Gibberellin |
| HMM | Hidden Markov model |
| IPA | Ideal plant architectures |
| IAA | Auxin |
| IWGSC | International wheat genome sequencing consortium |
| MYA | Million years ago |
| MeJA | Methyl jasmonic acid |
| MCScanX | Multiple Collinearity Scan toolkit |
| MEGA | Simple modular architecture research tool |
| NLS | Nuclear localization signal |
| OE | Overexpression |
| ORF | Open reading frame |
| PEG | Polyethylene glycol |
| qPCR | Quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| qRT-RCR | Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| SBP | SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN |
| SPL | SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE |
| SMART | Simple modular architecture research tool |
| SD | Synthetic dropout medium |
| SEB | Sub-genome expression bias |
| TPM | Transcripts per kilobase million |
| TF | Transcription factor |
| VC | Vector control |
| WT | Wild type |
| WGD | Whole-genome duplication |
| YS | Young spikes |