Table 2.

Summary of the antioxidant effects of vitamin E in vascular diseases.

Pathological Condition	Effect	Target Tissue/Organ	Reference
Atherosclerosis	↓ LDL oxidation, foam cell formation	Arteries	[24]
Non-fatal MI, CV death	↓ stenosis, ↓ atherosclerosis	Arteries, heart	[26,27]
Coronary artery disease	↓ stenosis, ↓ coronary artery lesions	Arteries	[28]
Non-fatal MI	↓ atherosclerotic lesion formation	Arteries	[29]
Arterial dysfunction	↓ LDL oxidation, × PKC	Arteries, endothelium	[30]
Secondary non-fatal MI, CV death (from chronic hemodialysis)	↓ LDL oxidation, ↓ atherosclerotic plaque, ↓ platelet aggregation, ↓ ischemic stroke	Vascular system	[31]
Endothelial dysfunction, MI, CVD	× antagonistic effect on Hp2-2 genotypes	Vascular system	[33]

↓: reduces rate of; ×: suppresses; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; MI: myocardial infarction; CV: cardiovascular; PKC: protein kinase C.