Table 1.

Inhibition of TGEV activity by AG1024 and ouabain, respectively, or both in combination. Shown are residual activities after the combined treatment of AG1024 or PPP with ouabain compared to DMSO vehicle treatment, the TGEV activity of which was defined to be 100%. IFA, as described in the Methods section, which used antibodies against viral nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein to detect their expressions, was applied to measure TGEV activity.

		Ouabain (µM)
Inhibitor	µM	0.3	0.2	0.1	0

Results shown are averages± SD from three independent experiments, each conducted in duplicate. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, compare to ouabain or vehicle only treatment.