Table 4.
Outcomes of kinematics gait variables, expressed as mean and standard deviation (±SD).
| NON-PARETIC | PARETIC | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EVALUATION | BASELINE | SHAM | 10 J | 30 J | 50 J | BASELINE | SHAM | 10 J | 30 J | 50 J | |
| PELVIS | PT–IC | 11.603(6.522) | 12.662 (6.49) | 9.716 (5.231) | 9.343 (5.52) | 11.141 (5.99) | 8.11 (6.350) | 9.983 (6.065) | 7.79 (5.682) | 6.645 (5.87) | 8.26 (4.882) |
| PT–MAX | 14.425 (6.78) | 16.11 (6.58) | 12.951 (6.665) | 12.193 (5.77) | 13.88 (6.290) | 14.843 (6.661) | 16.01 (6.751) | 12.985 (6.801) | 12.063 (5.97) | 14.33 (6.12) | |
| PT–MIN | 6.283 (5.911) | 8.033 (5.800) | 5.321 (4.89) | 4.59 (4.61) | 6.31 (3.551) | 6.073 (5.57) | 8.255 (6.13) | 6.29 (5.02) | 4.45 (4.571) | 6.18 (3.72) | |
| PT–ROM | 8.333 (3.474) | 8.055 (4.99) | 7.63 (3.770) | 7.913 (5.051) | 7.381 (4.90) | 8.513 (4.317) | 7.751 (5.195) | 7.70 (3.624) | 8.013 (4.935) | 8.03 (5.202) | |
| PO–MAX | 3.173 (5.40) | 8.70 (9.10) | 10.863 (8.071) | 12.51 (10.314) | 11.60 (8.815) | 5.04 (4.145) | 5.174 (5.195) | 2.093 (8.90) | 3.233 (8.290) | 2.18 (9.304) | |
| PO–MIN | −5.133 (3.68) | −6.39 (9.773) | −3.211 (7.133) | −2.76 (6.88) | −2.80 (9.354) | −3.13 (6.467) | −7.603 (7.80) | −11. 585 (8.64) | −11.47 (10.226) | −11.83 (8.585) | |
| PO–ROM | 8.413 (4.142) | 15.60 (8.064) | 14.35 (6.604) | 13.233 (6.393) | 14.4 (7.093) | 8.20 (4.88) | 13.77 (4.694) | 14.613 (6.820) | 13.571 (5.904) | 13.805 (6.902) | |
| PR–MAX | 9.42 (9.303) | 12.514 (6.713) | 12.545 (7.375) | 11.66 (7.571) | 12.995 (7.111) | 3.303 (10.83) | 14.57 (6.804) | 11.53 (6.28) | 10.91 (5.862) | 13.85 (6.131) | |
| PR–MIN | −3.445 (11.24) | 0.74 (8.363) | 0.213 (12.722) | −0.27 (12.442) | −0.418 (10.90) | −9.27 (10.905) | 3.482 (9.89) | −0.60 (6.574) | −0.363 (8.05) | 2.643 (8.23) | |
| PR–ROM | 12.763 (7.560) | 11.992 (7.84) | 12.415 (9.15) | 12.231 (9.58) | 13.028 (10.51) | 12.48 (5.79) | 11.744 (6.343) | 11.783 (5.09) | 11.27 (5.76) | 11.205 (6.433) | |
| HIP | HIC | 29.067 (15.60) | 11.338 (27.45) | 15.863 (23.864) | 14.915 (23.94) | 12.84 (25.563) | 28.055 (18.38) | 21.43 (26.81) | 11.983 (21.45) | 10.64 (20.79) | 11.205 (22.70) |
| HMST–MAX | 39.45 (10.65) | 25.77 (21.86) | 11.69 (19.85) * | 13.99 (19.69) * | 12.99 (20.49) * | 36.39 (7.856) | 31.34 (13.45) | 23.57 (13.1) | 10.57 (14.11) *, # | 11.78 (17.37) # | |
| HMST–MIN | 7.174 (9.645) | −0.4053 (13.52) | −9.31 (5.533) * | −7.924 (4.163) * | −7.668 (7.494) * | 15.77 (10.95) | 10.47 (10.66) | −7. 41 (9.29) *, # | −6.971 (8.81) *, # | −7.924 (8.22) *, # | |
| HMST–ROM | 29.85 (8.79) | 25.011 (18.461) | 25.13 (18.262) | 22.42 (18.074) | 21.62(15.902) | 19.291 (9.252) | 18.214 (9.90) | 19.25 (11.79) | 18.57 (11.56) | 20.52 (14.744) | |
| HAA–MAX | 7.15 (10.363) | 12.462 (14.714) | 8.355 (15.323) | 10.10 (16.620) | 7,25 (11.901) | 4.30 (7.85) | 8.07 (9.852) | 12.17 (13.421) | 12.833 (15.950) | 8.34 (11.400) | |
| HAA–MIN | −0.65 (13.365) | −4.203 (10.052) | −2.543 (16.60) | −1.91 (12.10) | −2.623 (11.424) | −4.013 (5.675) | −3.59 (11.47) | 1.843 (13.201) | 2.66 (15.051) | −0.155 (10.122) | |
| HAA–ROM | 9.00 (3.96) | 13.95 (6.330) | 11.415 (4.29) | 10.88 (5.89) | 9.8 (5.970) | 8.42 (5.675) | 9.38 (5.313) | 11.38 (7.893) | 10.183 (3.09) | 9.65 (3.39) | |
| HROT–IC | 8.883 (29.09) | 17.07 (20.940) | 12.043 (17.79) | 15.97 (16.98) | 19.925 (13.78) | 17.81 (27.062) | 13.65 (29.17) | 12.805 (18.0) | 8.601 (23.955) | 14.36 (20.01) | |
| HROT–MEAN | 12.771 (27.30) | 8.671 (25.573) | 5.784 (15.001) | 10.59 (16.98) | 14.333 (12.45) | 21.118 (30.285) | 12.303 (30.19) | 9.84 (14.450) | 5.860 (21.39) | 9.76 (16.110) | |
| KNEE | KIC | 16.21 (13.99) | 9.54 (13.91) | 11.69 (16.012) | 17.91 (13.84) | 12.525 (11.493) | 16.21 (13.999) | 16.16 (16.585) | 14.375 (15.354) | 15.74 (13.681) | 14.985 (11.53) |
| KMSW | 30.86 (13.51) | 27.19 (23.353) | 30.31 (22.89) | 32.453 (21.481) | 31.695 (21.632) | 30.863 (13.505) | 33.06 (13.993) | 31.64 (16.07) | 31.053 (12.305) | 31.88 (12.28) | |
| KMST | 13.40 (11.62) | 5.881 (10.415) | 6.43 (8.484) | 5.453 (8.181) | 4.641 (7.65) | 12.40 (11.63) | 8.65 (11.192) | 6.352 (6.80) | 5.79 (8.814) | 8.155 (8.64) | |
| K–ROM | 15.28 (11.88) | 30.744 (20.392) | 30.31 (22.892) | 27.81 (20.121) | 26.631 (19.022) | 15.28 (11.885) | 21.233 (15.56) | 22.031 (14.623) | 19.89 (14.223) | 24.34 (15.944) | |
| ANKLE AND FOOT | AIC | −1.97 (6.13) | 4.99 (13.404) | 1.463 (5.313) | 2.59 (9.23) | 0.76 (9.182) | −3.96 (8.66) | −0.629 (7.64) | −0.185 (5.332) | −1.76 (6.04) | −0.401 (6.921) |
| AMST–MAX | 12.29 (9.29) | 19.3 (11.61) | 16.975 (3.98) | 16.68 (6.355) | 15.331 (5.17) | 9.11 (13.93) | 13.714 (9.88) | 13.325 (8.733) | 12.93 (9.54) | 13.001 (8.38) | |
| AMST–MIN | −5.15 (7.45) | −0.833 (14.017) | −1.185 (6.225) | −2.341 (8.75) | −4.882 (8.541) | −3.87 (10.51) | −0.6 (8.29) | −0.54 (5.40) | −2.45 (7.071) | −1.24 (6.404) | |
| AMSW | 7.31 (9.69) | 13.77 (13.17) | 11.743 (8.531) | 12.943 (9.018) | 9.44 (9.37) | 3.79 (12.43) | 6.30 (7.88) | 6.23 (6.22) | 4.28 (6.572) | 5.11 (7.235) | |
| A–ROMST | 17.78 (9.54) | 20.055 (8.72) | 18.12 (7.115) | 19.501 (9.404) | 20.403 (7.565) | 12.963 (6.79) | 14.825 (7.551) | 13.693 (6.49) | 15.135 (6.41) | 14.17 (6.57) | |
| FP IC | −12.50 (19.08) | −16.174 (4.155) | −16.58 (3.520) | −17.45 (4.540) | −16.24 (5.625) | −4.57 (25.66) | −15.59 (5.915) | −17.62 (8.255) | −18.723 (7.430) | −18.655 (9.502) | |
| FP MEAN | −12.03 (19.45) | −16.534 (6.033) | −16.90 (4.172) | −17.932 (7.82) | −14.810 (6.020) | −8.522 (24.49) | −18. 216 (7.140) | −18.16 (6.825) | −20.601 (7.591) | −21.562 (9.790) | |
Legend: ANKLE AND FOOT: AIC = angle of ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion at initial contact; AMST = maximum angle of ankle dorsiflexion in stance; AMST = minimum angle of ankle plantar flexion in stance; AMSW = maximum angle of ankle dorsiflexion in swing; A–ROMST = range of motion of ankle in stance; FP IC = foot progression angle at initial contact; FP MEAN = mean value of foot progression. KNEE: KIC = angle of knee flexion at initial contact; KMSW = maximum angle of knee flexion in swing; KMST = minimum angle of knee flexion in stance; K–ROM = range of motion of knee on the sagittal plane; HIP: HIC = angle of hip flexion at initial contact; HMST–MAX= maximum angle of hip flexion/extension in stance; HMST–MIN = minimum angle of hip flexion/extension in stance; HMST–ROM= range of motion of hip flexion/extension in stance; HAA–MAX = maximum angle of hip abduction/adduction; HAA–MIN = minimum angle of hip abduction/adduction; HAA–ROM = range of motion of hip abduction/adduction; HROT–IC = range of motion of hip rotation at initial contact; HROT–MEAN = mean value of hip rotation; PELVIS: PT–IC = angle of pelvic tilt at initial contact; PT–MAX = maximum angle of pelvic tilt; PT–MIN = minimum angle of pelvic tilt; PT–ROM = range of motion of pelvic tilt; PO–MAX = maximum angle of pelvic obliquity; PO min = minimum angle of pelvic obliquity; PO–ROM = range of motion of pelvic obliquity; PR–MAX = maximum angle of pelvic rotation; PR–MIN = minimum angle of pelvic rotation; PR–ROM = range of motion of pelvic rotation; * Statistically significant difference in comparison with baseline (p < 0.05). # Statistically significant difference in comparison with placebo (p < 0.05).