Table 1.
Reports of COVID-19 hospitalization or death risks in people with rheumatic disease
| Study location | Rheumatic disease population (n) | Comparator population (n) | Hospitalizationa; OR/HR/RR (95% CI) | Deatha; OR/HR (95% CI) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | RA, CTD with PCR test (348 SARS-CoV-2 positive, 13,498 negative) | General population with PCR test (11,122 positive, 410,697 negative)b | OR 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | OR 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 31 |
| Denmark | RA, spondyloarthritis, CTD, vasculitis (58,052) | General population (~4.5 million)b | HR 1.46 (1.15–1.86) | NR | 32 |
| South Korea | Inflammatory arthritis, CTD with PCR test (8,297) | General population with PCR test (133,609)b | NR | OR 1.69 (1.01–2.84) | 18 |
| UK | RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis (878,475) | General population (17,278,392)b | NR | HR 1.19 (1.11–1.27) | 33 |
| UK | RA (5,409), gout (13,105) | General population (473,139)b | NR | RA OR 1.9 (1.2–3.0), gout OR 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 22 |
| USA | Rheumatic disease (681) | COVID-19-positive general population (31,461)b | NR | OR 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | 34 |
| USA | Rheumatic disease (143) | Patients from same hospital without rheumatic disease (688)c | OR 0.87 (0.68–1.11) | OR 1.02 (0.53–1.95) | 35 |
| USA | Autoimmune rheumatic disease and COVID-19 (2,379) | Matched individuals with COVID-19 without autoimmune rheumatic disease (2,379)c | RR 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | RR 1.08 (0.81–1.44) | 36 |
| USA | RA (33,886) | Individuals without RA (33,886)c | HR 1.35 (1.10–1.66) for hospitalization or death | 23 | |
CTD, connective tissue disease; NR, not reported; RA, rheumatoid arthritis. aHR and OR reported are from models including adjustment for the largest number or type of possible confounders. bComparator population included the rheumatic disease population. cComparator population was separate from the rheumatic disease population.