Figure 1.

Sex-specific differences in the associations between individual metabolite and CRC prognosis. (A) 5-year overall survival (OS) and (B) 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). LysoPC: lysophosphatidylcholine. All metabolites were observed with significant sex interactions (P_interaction < 0.05). Hazard ratio (HR) for each metabolite (log₂-transformed abundance) was calculated by multivariate Cox PH regression adjusted for anatomic location, chemotherapy history, clinical stage, and age (continuous). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The 95% CIs marked with asterisks indicate significant associations between the metabolite and the corresponding prognosis (p values < 0.05): A metabolite with HR < 1 was associated with better prognosis; a metabolite with HR > 1 was associated with worse prognosis. The x-axes are log-scaled.