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Schematic representation of Hermia’s fouling mechanisms: (a) Complete pore blocking; (b) Intermediate pore blocking; (c) Cake filtration; and (d) Pore filling. The values of the fouling index n associated with mechanisms (a–d) are, respectively, 2, 1, 0 and 1.5. Adsorption is not included. Reproduced with permission from [37]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier.
