Table 6.
Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 total antibody, neutralizing antibody, S-IgG, and T-cell-specific immune response levels among people living with HIV (PLWH) (n = 129).
| Total Antibody | Neutralizing Activity | S-IgG | T-Cell-Specific Immune Response | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted B (95%CI) |
p Values | Adjusted B (95%CI) |
p Values | Adjusted B (95%CI) |
p Values | Adjusted B (95%CI) |
p Values | |
| Characteristics related to HIV infection | ||||||||
| Years since HIV diagnosis (years) | ||||||||
| ≤1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2–5 | 0.71 (0.23, 1.19) |
0.004 | 0.27 (0.05, 0.48) |
0.02 | ||||
| 6–10 | 0.49 (−0.03, 1.00) |
0.07 | 0.23 (−0.01, 0.46) |
0.06 | ||||
| >10 | 0.44 (−0.13, 1.05) |
0.13 | 0.15 (−0.11, 0.20) |
0.24 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Viral load (cp/mL) | ||||||||
| Undetectable | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| 61–200 | −0.24 (−0.61, 0.14) |
0.21 | −0.19 (−0.40, 0.03) |
0.08 | −0.01 (−0.44, 0.42) |
0.97 | ||
| >200 | −0.24 (−0.69, 0.22) |
0.31 | --- | −0.24 (−0.50, 0.03) |
0.08 | −0.27 (−0.78, 0.25) |
0.30 | |
| CD4+ T-cell count (cells/μL) | ||||||||
| <500 | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 500–1000 | 0.47 (0.05, 0.89) |
0.03 | ||||||
| >1000 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.40 (−0.22, 1.01) |
0.20 |
| On ART | ||||||||
| No | ||||||||
| Yes | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccination | ||||||||
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status | ||||||||
| Partially vaccinated | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 0–14 days since fully vaccinated | 0.03(−0.36, 0.63) | 0.92 | 0.06 (−0.21, 0.32) |
0.68 | 0.21 (−0.13, 0.54) |
0.022 | 0.16 (−0.46, 0.78) |
0.60 |
| 15–28 days since fully vaccinated | 1.03 (0.43, 1.57) |
0.001 | 0.35 (0.08, 0.63) |
0.01 | 0.74 (0.39, 1.08) |
<0.001 | 0.99 (0.50, 1.47) |
<0.001 |
| 29–56 days since fully vaccinated | 1.03 (0.47, 1.59) |
<0.001 | 0.21 (−0.09, 0.46) |
0.10 | 0.73 (0.41, 1.05) |
<0.001 | 0.89 (0.37, 1.40) |
0.001 |
| 57–84 days since fully vaccinated | 0.85 (0.15, 1.55) |
0.01 | 0.19 (−0.11, 0.49) |
0.21 | 0.47 (0.09, 0.84) |
0.02 | −0.10 (−0.76, 0.57) |
0.77 |
| >84 days since fully vaccinated | 0.29 (−0.83, 1.41) |
0.58 | −0.25 (−0.77, 0.26) |
0.34 | 0.27 (−0.37, 0.93) |
0.41 | 0.20 (−1.01, 1.41) |
0.74 |
| Type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | ||||||||
| Sinopharm | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Sinovac CoronaVac | 0.26 (−0.07, 0.59) |
0.12 | 0.05 (−0.10, 0.20) |
0.50 | 0.07 (−0.11, 0.25) |
0.45 | --- | --- |
| Time interval (days) between the first and second dose | ||||||||
| <21 days | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| 21–28 days | 0.93 (0.43, 1.43) |
<0.001 | 0.37 (0.15, 0.59) |
0.001 | 0.43 (0.14, 0.71) |
0.003 | ||
| >28 days | 1.15 (0.53, 1.77) |
<0.001 | 0.36 (0.09, 0.63) |
0.009 | 0.53 (0.18, 0.88) |
0.003 | ||
| Not applicable (partially vaccinated) | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | --- | --- |
Ref: reference group. Adjusted B: adjusted coefficients obtained from multivariate linear regression models using all significant variables as candidates. --- indicates p > 0.05 in univariate analysis and exclusion from multivariate analysis.