Table 4.

ETS Measured by Log Serum Cotinine Split into Tertiles^a and Related to Child Behavior for the Entire Sample and by Sex (Adjusted^b, N = 220)

Behavior Subscale	Overall				Males				Females
	Tertile 2		Tertile 3		Tertile 2		Tertile 3		Tertile 2		Tertile 3
	β (SD)	p	β (SD)	p	β (SD)	p	β (SD)	p	β (SD)	p	β (SD)	p
Externalizing	6.50 (2.78)	.02	3.61 (2.96)	.22	8.82 (3.26)	.01	8.63 (3.79)	.02	−2.03 (5.49)	.71	−6.10 (5.49)	.27
Hyperactivity	5.51 (2.26)	.03	4.84 (2.72)	.08	6.30 (3.18)	.05	7.63 (3.71)	.04	2.27 (4.77)	.64	1.78 (4.78)	.71
Aggression	7.01 (2.74)	.01	3.59 (2.92)	.22	9.20 (3.06)	.01	8.16 (3.56)	.02	−0.51 (5.84)	.93	−5.39 (5.93)	.37
Conduct	4.42 (2.60)	.09	1.83 (2.76)	.51	7.28 (2.92)	.01	6.47 (3.41)	.06	−5.46 (5.39)	.32	−7.94 (5.40)	.15
Internalizing	5.53 (2.46)	.03	4.60 (2.62)	.08	5.67 (3.14)	.07	8.83 (3.66)	.02	3.39 (4.39)	.44	−1.40 (4.40)	.75
Somatization	3.67 (2.47)	.14	3.82 (2.62)	.15	5.52 (2.91)	.06	7.04 (3.39)	.04	−2.17 (5.08)	.67	−2.29 (5.08)	.65
Anxiety	2.59 (2.15)	.23	3.05 (2.29)	.18	1.08 (2.78)	.70	5.78 (3.24)	.08	5.41 (3.72)	.15	0.98 (3.72)	.79
Depression	6.43 (2.44)	.01	3.84 (2.60)	.14	6.51 (3.16)	.04	7.77 (3.68)	.04	4.28 (4.17)	.31	−2.00 (4.17)	.63
Behavior
symptoms	7.12 (2.66)	.01	4.28 (2.83)	.13	8.24 (3.36)	.02	9.81 (3.91)	.01	2.72 (4.64)	.56	−3.10 (4.64)	.51
Adaptive skills	−4.52 (1.86)	.02	−0.17 (1.98)	.93	−3.97 (2.22)	.08	−2.72 (2.58)	.29	−6.31 (3.33)	.06	0.79 (3.34)	.81

^aThe lowest tertile of ETS exposure was used as the reference in all analyses, so betas and associated standard errors are given for tertiles 2 and 3 only.

^bCovariates in all models: gender, age, race, asthma severity, asthma medication, maternal education, prenatal tobacco exposure, HOME Score, maternal depression.