Table 4.
Frequency (%) of characteristics reported by acute hepatitis B and acute hepatitis A (control group) cases and adjusted * odds ratio (OR) for the association of acute hepatitis B with characteristics of subjects. SEIEVA 2010–2019.
| Characteristics | HBV N = 3148 n (%) |
HAV N = 7517 n (%) |
OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex: | |||
| Females | 780 (24.8) | 2240 (29.9) | 1 |
| Males | 2360 (75.2) | 5258 (70.1) | 1.42 (1.24–1.63) |
| Age: | |||
| ≤40 | 1083 (34.5) | 4917 (65.5) | 1 |
| ≥41 | 2060 (65.5) | 2591 (34.5) | 5.33 (4.70–6.05) |
| Area of diagnosis: | |||
| South/islands | 230 (7.3) | 903 (12.0) | 1 |
| North/central | 2918 (92.7) | 6614 (88.0) | 1.59 (1.28–1.92) |
| Area of birth: | |||
| Italy | 2541 (80.7) | 6416 (85.4) | 1 |
| Abroad | 607 (19.3) | 1101 (14.6) | 3.02 (2.54–3.60) |
| Blood transfusion without surgical intervention | 16 (0.6) | 7 (0.1) | 5.08(1.81–14.3) |
| Surgical intervention without blood transfusion | 291 (10.0) | 300 (4.5) | 2.25 (1.83–2.76) |
| Surgical intervention and blood transfusion | 26 (0.9) | 10 (0.1) | 4.76 (2.01–11.3) |
| Intravenous drug use | 96 (3.3) | 230 (3.5) | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) |
| Beauty treatments ** | 949 (31.8) | 1581 (23.4) | 1.62 (1.43–1.83) |
| Sexual exposure *** | 818 (28.3) | 983 (15.4) | 2.38 (2.06–2.74) |
| Household contact of an HBsAg+ carrier | 201 (8.7) | 71 (1.2) | 10.8 (7.88–14.9) |
* Adjusted by logistic regression analysis for the confounding effect of all listed variables. ** Piercing, tattooing, acupuncture, manicurist/chiropodist attendance, and barbershop shaving. *** Two or more sexual partners or lack of condom use in cases of casual sexual intercourse.