Figure 3.

VNS-induced neuronal plasticity of the medial frontal cortex, a brain area affected by spaceflight and important for cognitive-emotional restructuring. Activity from neuron population responses in anesthetized rats (top and bottom displays) were recorded from the infralimbic area of the medial frontal cortex before and after VNS at 0.2, 04, or 0.8 mA and 20 Hz for 30 s. Figure 3 reproduced from [14] with permission.