Table 4.
Relative concentrations of discriminant metabolites in autistic children (ASD), compared with their unaffected siblings (US). Data are expressed as median and (interquartile range).
| Metabolite (mM) a | ASD | US | p b | FC c (log10) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Hydroxybutyrate | 5.24 (3.8–7.0) | 3.05 (2.5–4.3) | 0.01 | 0.778 |
| Asparagine | 5.12 (2.8–7.1) | 3.18 (2.4–3.7) | 0.04 | 0.686 |
| Hippurate | 5.79 (2.7–7.0) | 2.07 (1.3–3.8) | 0.02 | 1.482 |
| Histidine | 3.25 (1.6–5.0) | 5.44 (3.5–7.9) | 0.04 | −0.739 |
| Isocitrate | 3.62 (2.6–4.4) | 4.58 (3.8–6.2) | 0.03 | −0.337 |
| Glutamate | 5.35 (3.6–6.7) | 3.48 (2.5–4.1) | 0.02 | 0.618 |
| Tryptophan | 4.87 (3.4–7.2) | 3.34 (2.2–4.2) | 0.01 | 0.542 |
| Tyrosine | 4.75 (2.3–7.9) | 3.03 (2.5–3.4) | <0.01 | 0.650 |
| Succinylacetone | 3.58 (2.6–4.5) | 4.92 (3.8–5.8) | 0.03 | −0.458 |
a For each sample, the relative concentration was obtained by normalizing the molar concentration of each metabolite to the total molar concentration of all nine metabolites. b Mann–Whitney U test after Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment was used; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. c Fold change (FC) between ASD children and their US; positive value refers to relatively higher metabolite concentrations, and a negative value to relatively lower metabolite concentration in ASD group, compared with their US.