Table 1.
Demographic, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings of both groups.
| STEMI (n = 75) Mean ± SD (Min–Max) (Median) | Control (n = 65) Mean ± SD (Min–Max) (Median) | χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F) (%) | 60 (80%)/15 (20%) | 52 (80%)/13 (20%) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus (Yes/No) (%) | 36 (48%)/39 (52%) | 21 (32.3%)/44 (67.7%) | 3.552 | 0.059 |
| Hypertension (Yes/No) (%) | 40 (53.3%)/35 (46.7%) | 37 (56.9%)/28 (43.1%) | 0.81 | 0.670 |
| Hyperlipidemia (Yes/No) (%) | 38 (50.7%)/37 (49.3%) | 33 (50.8%)/32 (49.2%) | 0.000 | 0.990 |
| FHCD (Yes/No) (%) | 38 (50.7%)/37 (49.3%) | 27 (41.5%)/38 (58.5%) | 1.168 | 0.280 |
| Smoking (Yes/No) (%) | 37 (49.3%)/38 (50.7%) | 31 (47.7%)/34 (52.3%) | 0.038 | 0.846 |
| Z | p | |||
| Age (years) | 58.96 ± 10.37 (34–75) (59) | 56.29 ± 10.14 (36–75) (57) | −1.519 | 0.129 |
| BMI at diagnosis (kg/m2) | 27.86 ± 1.74 (21.78–32.08) (27.78) | 27.62 ± 3.16 (20.96–34.72) (27.31) | −1.216 | 0.224 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135.33 ± 9.74 (100–160) (140) | 134.46 ± 12.09 (110–160) (140) | −0.362 | 0.717 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 86.47 ± 6.03 (60–100) (90) | 85.62 ± 7.04 (70–100) (85) | −1.065 | 0.224 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 117.81 ± 30.49 (76–175) (104) | 106.58 ± 27.44 (70–170) (95) | −1.996 | 0.046 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.94 ± 0.21 (0.48–1.40) (0.91) | 0.85 ± 0.15 (0.5–1.2) (0.86) | −2.272 | 0.023 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 112.55 ± 38.48 (28–211) (109) | 118.32 ± 36.27 (49–212) (118) | −0.986 | 0.324 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 38.77 ± 9.13 (21–59) (38) | 44.63 ± 10.25 (23–70) (45) | −3.474 | 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 186.81 ± 148.73 (48–900) (144) | 159.54 ± 94.58 (47–594) (135) | −0.345 | 0.730 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 186.25 ± 50.14 (93–359) (181) | 196.55 ± 44.17 (120–320) (193) | −1.617 | 0.106 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.54 ± 1.54 (10–16.9) | 14.20 ± 1.53 (10–16.8) | −2.663 | 0.008 |
| WBC (µL/mL) | 11,410.67 ± 2942.68 (5700–19,200) (12,000) | 7013.85 ± 1652.16 (4100–10,900) (6800) | −8.103 | <0.001 |
| Platelet (×103) | 249.39 ± 57.65 (137–432) (255) | 261.78 ± 61.98 (142–467) (253) | −0.913 | 0.361 |
| Lymphocyte (×103) | 2.35 ± 1.48 (0.37–8) (2) | 2.18 ± 0.61 (0.79–4.15) (2.18) | −0.493 | 0.622 |
| Monocyte (×103) | 0.80 ± 0.44 (0.1–2.6) (0.75) | 0.53 ± 0.16 (0.24–1.02) (0.53) | −4.607 | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil (×103) | 8.19 ± 2.77 (3.41–15.50) (8.2) | 4.06 ± 1.17 (1.29–6.97) (4.1) | −8.586 | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte | 5.33 ± 5.26 (0.84–31.57) (3.68) | 1.99 ± 0.88 (0.57–6.97) (1.89) | −6.211 | <0.001 |
| Mean AgNOR number | 2.56 ± 0.8 (1.23–5) (2.5) | 1.32 ± 0.49 (1–3) (1) | −8.716 | <0.001 |
| TAA/TNA | 0.11 ± 0.03 (0.04–0.18) (0.11) | 0.03 ± 0.01 (0.02–0.06) (0.03) | −10.104 | <0.001 |
| Echocardiographic Findings | ||||
| STEMI Mean ± SD (Min–Max) | Control Mean ± SD (Min–Max) | Z | p | |
| IVST (cm) | 1.16 ± 0.12 (0.9–1.5) (1.2) | 1.08 ± 0.13 (0.9–1.5) (1) | −4.012 | <0.001 |
| EF (n %) | 47.69 ± 7.89 (20–60) (50) | 63.62 ± 2.91 (50–65) (65) | −10.051 | <0.001 |
| STEMI n (%) | Control n (%) | χ;2 | p | |
| MR (Yes/No) (%) | 52 (69.3%)/23 (30.7%) | 21 (32.3%)/44 (67.7%) | 19.130 | <0.001 |
| AR (Yes/No) (%) | 12 (17.3%)/62 (82.7%) | 7 (10.58%)/58 (89.2%) | 1.225 | 0.268 |
| PR (Yes/No) (%) | 12 (16%)/63 (84%) | 5 (7.7%)/60 (92.3%) | 2.253 | 0.133 |
| TR (Yes/No) (%) | 45 (60%)/30 (40%) | 24 (36.9%)/41 (63.1%) | 7.419 | 0.006 |
BMI: Body mass index; FHCD: family history of cardiovascular disease; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; WBC: white blood cells; MR: mitral regurgitation; AR: aortic regurgitation; TR: tricuspid regurgitation; PR: pulmonary regurgitation; IVST: interventricular septum thickness; Min–Max: minimum–maximum; SD: standard deviation; TAA: total AgNOR area; TNA: total nuclear area; AgNOR: argyrophilic nucleolar-organizing region; EF: ejection fraction. The cardiovascular risk factors are shown in Table 2.