Table 2.
Costs for entire cohort.
| Baseliney | First Year | Second Year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients included in cohort | 50,447 | 50,447 | 50,447 |
| Total cost, $ | |||
| N (%) | 50,447 (100.0) | 50,447 (100.0) | 50,447 (100.0) |
| Mean (SD) | 7,272 (9,694) | 10,796 (12,500) | 10,069 (11,590) |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 3,732 (1,292, 9,072) | 6,590 (2,710, 1,3922) | 5,948 (2,297, 13,252) |
| Range | (0–65,148) | (0–122,742) | (0–65,162) |
| Total service cost, $ | |||
| N (%) | 50,447 (100.0) | 50,447 (100.0) | 50,447 (100.0) |
| Mean (SD) | 5,153 (8,051) | 8,276 (10,619) | 7,434 (9,615) |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 2,192 (772, 5,757) | 4,655 (1,904, 10,139) | 3,929 (1,536, 9,079) |
| Range | 0–64,413 | 0–117,674 | 0–64,298 |
| Outpatient service cost, $ | |||
| N (%) | 50,447 (100.0) | 50,447 (100.0) | 50,447 (100.0) |
| Mean (SD) | 4,323 (6,160) | 7,214 (8,473) | 6,361 (7,632) |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 2,140 (767, 5,270) | 4,505 (1,887, 9,270) | 3,800 (1,522, 8,154) |
| Range | 0–63,333 | 0–117,674 | 0–64,060 |
| Back pain-related outpatient service cost, $ | |||
| N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 50,447 (100.0) | 50,447 (100.0) |
| Mean (SD) | - | 2,586 (3,872) | 1,638 (3,017) |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | - | 1,328 (520, 3,144) | 678 (234, 1,787) |
| Range | - | 0–79,625 | 0–55,036 |
| Pain medication cost,a $ | |||
| N (%) | 28,117 (56.7) | 33,588 (66.6) | 32,205 (63.8) |
| Mean (SD) | 431 (1,646) | 533 (1,737) | 595 (1,818) |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 42 (9, 226) | 81 (12, 375) | 82 (10, 415) |
| Range | 0–52,610 | 0–60,950 | 0–52,758 |
| Opioid cost,a $ | |||
| N (%) | 24,108 (48.6) | 29,403 (58.3) | 27,979 (55.5) |
| Mean (SD) | 352 (1,608) | 427 (1,647) | 491 (1,707) |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 26 (7, 137) | 46 (9, 245) | 49 (8, 291) |
| Range | 0–52,518 | 0–60,577 | 0–52,479 |
a
Baseline costs were calculated for the year prior to diagnosis. Back pain-related costs represented costs incurred after an eligible low back pain diagnosis and therefore were not available at baseline. Medication costs were calculated for patients with valid prescriptions for pain medications.
Q1: First quartile; Q3: Third quartile; SD: Standard deviation.