Table 1.
Patient characteristics, clinical course, and outcome, by aspergillosis status.
| Possible/Probable CAPA | Non-CAPA | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 58) | (n = 65) | ||||
| Male | 40 | 69.0% | 48 | 73.8% | 0.549 |
| Age (years) | 69 | (60–74) | 67 | (58–74) | 0.300 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 9 | 28.1% | 16 | 24.6% | 0.710 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 | (25.2–30.5) | 27.2 | (25.2–29.5) | 0.583 |
| Smoking (past or current) | 16/25 | 64.0% | 25/52 | 48.1% | 0.190 |
| Medical History | |||||
| Pulmonary # | 26 | 59.1% | 36 | 55.4% | 0.701 |
| COPD | 11 | 25.0% | 7 | 10.8% | 0.050 |
| Diabetes | 5 | 11.4% | 15 | 23.1% | 0.121 |
| Chronic steroid treatment | 17 | 44.7% | 17 | 26.2% | 0.053 |
| Immuno-compromised * | 2 | 4.4% | 3 | 4.6% | 0.966 |
| CLINICAL COURSE | |||||
| Symptom onset to clinical admission (days) | 7 | (4–10) | |||
| Symptom onset to ICU admission (days) | 9 | (7–13) | 11 | (9–15) | 0.022 ^ |
| SOFA score on ICU day 1 | 16 | (15–17) | 16 | (15–17) | 0.700 |
| SOFA max on ICU | 19 | (18–20) | 17 | (16–20) | 0.122 |
| APACHE II | 23 | (18–27) | 24 | (21–32) | 0.284 |
| Lowest PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 123 | (89–156) | 157 | (120–200) | 0.002 ^ |
| Steroids in ICU | 9 | 29.0% | 10 | 15.4% | 0.117 |
| RRT | 15 | 46.9% | 10 | 15.9% | 0.001 ^ |
| OUTCOME | |||||
| Symptom onset to CAPA (days) | 17 | (12–24) | Not applicable | ||
| ICU admission to CAPA (days) | 7 | (4–12) | Not applicable | ||
| Mortality at ICU day 30 | 23 | 39.7% | 11 | 16.9% | 0.005 ^ |
Data are presented as medians (IQR) or n (%). ^ = Significance at an alpha of 0.05 was found. p values comparing the possible/probable CAPA vs. non-CAPA cases were calculated using Mann-Whitney U (continuous variables) and Fisher or Chi-square tests when appropriate (categorical variables). Abbreviations: APACHE-II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BMI, body mass index; CAPA = COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range; ICU intensive care unit; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment. # Any pulmonary disease prior to admission. * Immunocompromised as defined by the EORTC/MSG-ERC host factor criteria for invasive fungal disease.