Table 3.

Mediators secreted by mast cells during allergic reactions.

Mediators	MC-Interacting Cell Types	Biological Effects	References
Proteases Tryptase, MMPs Proteoglycans heparin Chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES, TARC Cytokines IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, IL-33, TNF-α, SCF, TGF-β Growth factors VEGF, bFGF, NGF, GM-CSF, M-CSF Lipid-derived LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, PGD2, PAF Neuropeptides CRH, VIP	Endothelial cells, Bronchial, Smooth muscle, Neurons, Vascular, Gastric parietal cells, Cells of the central nervous system, Basophils and eosinophils	Type-1 hypersensitivity, Pro-inflammatory effects, Wheal and flare reaction in skin, Bronchoconstriction, Drop in blood pressure, Gastrointestinal hyperactivity	[11,35,79,84,85,92,151]
Growth factors bFGF, VEGF, NGF Cytokines IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, IL-33, TNF-α, SCF, TGF-β	Vascular, Gastric parietal cells	Regulation of the immune response, Th1 lymphocyte cytokine production	[8,9,11,35,92,152]
Proteases tryptase, MMPs Neuropeptides CRH, VIP Lipid-derived LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, PGD2, PAF	Cells of the central nervous system, Neurons	Blood–brain barrier permeability	[11,40,41,82,125,129,153,154]
Chemokines MCP-1, RANTES, TARC Cytokines IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, IL-33, TNF-α, SCF, TGF-β	Basophils and eosinophils	Pro-inflammatory effects, Process of chemotaxis, Stimulation of histamine and cytokine generation