| DEGs | Differential gene expression |
| CBGs | Carotenoid biosynthesis genes |
| qRT-PCR | Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction |
| WGD | Whole-genome duplication |
| TD | Tandem duplication |
| PD | Proximal duplication |
| TRD | Transposed duplication |
| DSD | Dispersed duplication |
| RNA-seq | RNA sequencing |
| PCCs | Pearson’s correlation coefficients |
| FPKM | Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped |
| DAF | Days after full bloom |
| M W | Molecular weight |
| pI | Isoelectric point |
| BHT | Butylated hydroxytoluene |
| ML | Maximum likelihood |
| HMM | Hidden Markov Model |