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Identification of essential SUMOylation site Lys21 of M1 for the IBV life cycle. (A) The alignment of IBV and IAV M1 proteins. Five Lys residues were conserved between the IBV and IAV M1 proteins, Lys21, Lys35, Ly46, Lys102, and Lys187. (B) The M1 Lys21 mutation of IBV abolishes the viral life cycle. The IBV virus with a M1 K21R mutation could not produce a viral particle, while the wild-type IBV virus could be generated and killed the cells.
