Table 3.
Univariate analysis of factors associated with treatment failure in patients with NTMPD.
| Factor | Success (n = 495) |
Failure (n = 307) |
OR | 95% CI | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Age, years | |||||
| 18~44 | 145(29.3) | 46(15.0) | 1(ref) | ||
| 45~60 | 161(32.5) | 104(33.9) | 2.036 | 1.347, 3.078 | 0.001 |
| >60 | 189(38.2) | 157(51.1) | 2.618 | 1.767, 3.881 | <0.001 |
| Female | 244(49.3) | 186(60.6) | 1.581 | 1.185, 2.111 | 0.002 |
| Retreatment NTMPD | 131(26.5) | 155(50.5) | 2.881 | 2.121, 3.912 | <0.001 |
| Smoking history | 50(10.1) | 22(7.2) | 0.571 | 0.369, 1.732 | 0.800 |
| Rural residence | 215(43.4) | 141(45.9) | 1.112 | 0.831, 1.488 | 0.476 |
| History of pulmonary TB | 137(27.7) | 94(30.6) | 1.145 | 0.836, 1.568 | 0.399 |
| COPD | 27(5.4) | 32(10.4) | 2.167 | 1.279, 3.670 | 0.004 |
| Pneumoconiosis | 17(3.4) | 10(3.3) | 1.193 | 0.728, 2.095 | 0.893 |
| Long-term use of corticosteroid/immunosuppressant | 13(2.6) | 12(3.9) | 1.508 | 0.679, 3.349 | 0.313 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 34(6.9) | 16(5.2) | 0.746 | 0.404, 1.375 | 0.347 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| ≥18.5 | 322(65.1) | 180(58.6) | 1(ref) | ||
| <18.5 | 173(34.9) | 127(41.4) | 1.313 | 0.980, 1.760 | 0.068 |
| Pulmonary cavities | 249(50.3) | 180(58.6) | 1.404 | 1.056, 1.873 | 0.020 |
| Bronchiectasis | 306(61.8) | 218(71.0) | 1.513 | 1.114, 2.055 | 0.008 |
| Involvement of lung fields | |||||
| 1~2 | 146(29.5) | 51(16.6) | 1(ref) | ||
| 3~4 | 115(23.2) | 73(23.8) | 1.817 | 1.178, 2.802 | 0.007 |
| 5~6 | 234(47.3) | 183(59.6) | 2.239 | 1.542, 3.251 | <0.001 |
| ESR(mm/L) | |||||
| <15 | 168(33.9) | 73(23.8) | 1(ref) | ||
| 15~60 | 272(54.9) | 164(53.4) | 1.388 | 0.991, 1.942 | 0.056 |
| >60 | 55(11.2) | 70(22.8) | 2.929 | 1.872, 4.582 | <0.001 |
| Anemia | 417(84.2) | 256(83.4) | 0.927 | 0.630, 1.364 | 0.700 |
| Albumin (g/L) | |||||
| >34 | 430(86.9) | 247(80.5) | 1(ref) | ||
| 25~34 | 53(10.7) | 51(16.6) | 1.304 | 0.784, 2.171 | 0.306 |
| <25 | 12(2.4) | 9(2.9) | 2.036 | 1.169, 3.522 | 0.813 |
| Flow Cytometry | |||||
| CD4+ (<0.34) | 307(62.0) | 172(56.0) | 1.276 | 0.845, 1.926 | 0.247 |
| CD8+ (<0.25) | 147(29.7) | 94(30.6) | 0.959 | 0.617, 1.490 | 0.853 |
| CD4+/CD8+ (<0.68) | 482(97.4) | 296(96.4) | 1.437 | 0.431, 4.793 | 0.555 |
| Bacterial species | |||||
| M. kansasii | 142(28.7) | 16(5.2) | 1(ref) | ||
| MAC | 271(54.7) | 146(47.6) | 4.781 | 2.746, 8.326 | <0.001 |
| M. abscessus | 82(16.6) | 145(47.2) | 15.694 | 8.756, 28.128 | <0.001 |
| Treatment regimen changes | 143(28.9) | 108(21.8) | 1.336 | 0.985, 1.811 | 0.062 |
| Adverse drug reactions | |||||
| Hepatotoxicity | 43(8.7) | 24(4.8) | 0.891 | 0.529, 1.501 | 0.666 |
| Cytopenia | 43(8.7) | 21(6.8) | 0.618 | 0.255, 1.498 | 0.287 |
| Hypersensitivity | 17(3.4) | 14(4.6) | 1.344 | 0.653, 2.766 | 0.423 |
| Gastrointestinal | 21(4.2) | 26(8.5) | 2.088 | 1.153, 3.781 | 0.015 |
95% CI: 95% confidence interval, OR: unadjusted odds ratio, NTMPD: nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, TB: tuberculous, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI: body mass index, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and MAC: Mycobacterium avium complex.