Table 4.
The segmentation of various knee comparisons with our ACL segmentation.
| Author, Year | Technique/Model | Segment Part ACL Yes/NO | Segment Part | Evaluation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DSC | IoU | Recall | Precision | F1-Score | ||||
| Prasoon [34], 2013 | 2D CNN | No | TC | 0.824 | - | 0.819 | - | - |
| Deniz, Xiang, Hallyburton, Welbeck, Babb, Honig, Cho and Chang [35] P, 2018 | 3D CNN U-Net |
No | PF | 0.950 | - | 0.950 | 0.950 | - |
| Zhou, Zhao, Kijowski and Liu [36], 2018 | CNNVGG16 | No | TF, muscle, non-spec tissue |
0.910 | - | - | - | - |
| Ambellan, Tack, Ehlke and Zachow [38], 2019 | CNN | No, OAI Imorphics |
FC | 0.894 | - | - | - | - |
| MTC | 0.861 | - | - | - | - | |||
| LTC | 0.904 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Xu and Niethammer [42], 2019 | CNN | No | Bone | 0.968 | - | - | - | - |
| Cartilages | 0.776 | - | - | - | - | |||
| knee part other | 0.872 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Burton, Myers and Rullkoetter [43], 2020 | U-Net | No | Femur, FC, TC, PC, Tibia, petella | 0.989 | 0.971 | - | - | - |
| Liu, Zhou, Samsonov, Blankenbaker, Larison, Kanarek, Lian, Kambhampati and Kijowski [46], 2018 | 2D CNN | No | Femur | 0.96 | - | - | - | - |
| Tibia | 0.95 | - | - | - | - | |||
| FC | 0.81 | - | - | - | - | |||
| TC | 0.82 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Tack, Mukhopadhyay and Zachow [49], 2018 | U-Net | No | LM | 0.889 | - | - | - | - |
| MM | 0.838 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Raj [51], 2018 | U-Net | No | OAI: FC | 0.849 | - | - | - | - |
| LM | 0.849 | - | - | - | - | |||
| LTC | 0.856 | - | - | - | - | |||
| MM | 0.801 | - | - | - | - | |||
| MTC | 0.806 | - | - | - | - | |||
| PC | 0.784 | - | - | - | - | |||
| SK110:FC | 0.834 | - | - | - | - | |||
| TC | 0.825 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Pedoia, Norman, Mehany, Bucknor, Link and Majumdar [53], 2019 | U-Net | No | Meniscus | - | - | 0.899 | - | - |
| Cartilage | - | - | 0.801 | - | - | |||
| Normal lesion | - | - | 0.807 | - | - | |||
| Norman, Pedoia and Majumdar [54], 2018 | U-Net | No | FC | 0.878 | - | - | - | - |
| LTC | 0.820 | - | - | - | - | |||
| MTC | 0.795 | - | - | - | - | |||
| PC | 0.767 | - | - | - | - | |||
| LM | 0.809 | - | - | - | - | |||
| MM | 0.753 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Flannery, Kiapour, Edgar, Murray and Fleming [55], 2021 | U-Net | Yes repair BEAR |
ACL | 0.840 | - | 0.850 | 0.821 | - |
| Flannery, Kiapour, Edgar, Murray, Beveridge and Fleming [56], 2021 | U-Net | Yes | ACL Intact BEAR | 0.840 | - | 0.850 | 0.820 | - |
| ACL graft | 0.780 | - | 0.801 | 0.781 | - | |||
| Almajalid, Zhang and Shan [60] | U Net | No Imorphics OAI |
Tibia | 0.963 | - | 0.995 | 0.988 | - |
| Femur | 0.979 | - | 0.996 | 0.988 | - | |||
| petella | 0.928 | - | 0.971 | 0.992 | - | |||
Dice Similarity Coefficient= DSC, Femur Cartilage = FC, Tibial Cartilage = TC, Proximal Femur = PF, Lateral Meniscus = LM, Medical Meniscus = MM, Lateral Tibial Cartilage = LTC, Medial Tibial Cartilage = MTC.