Table 3.
Relationship between HEI and sleep disorder among US adults aged 20+ years.
| Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Model | Model I | Model II | Model III | |
| HEI Category (reference, Inadequate) | ||||
| Average | 0.920 (0.919,0.921) | 0.875 (0.874,0.876) | 0.907 (0.906,0.909) | 0.961 (0.959,0.962) |
| Optimal | 0.789 (0.787,0.790) | 0.720 (0.719,0.721) | 0.771 (0.770,0.772) | 0.913 (0.912,0.915) |
| Age Group (reference, 20–39) | ||||
| 40–59 | 2.365 (2.361,2.368) | 2.255 (2.252,2.258) | 1.706 (1.704,1.709) | |
| 60+ | 2.460 (2.456,2.463) | 2.192 (2.188,2.195) | 1.468 (1.465,1.470) | |
| Sex (reference, Female) | ||||
| Male | 1.185 (1.183,1.186) | 1.227 (1.226,1.229) | 1.344 (1.342,1.346) | |
| Race (reference, Non-Hispanic White) | ||||
| Mexican American | 0.529 (0.528,0.530) | 0.549 (0.548,0.551) | 0.546 (0.545,0.548) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.915 (0.913,0.917) | 0.903 (0.901,0.904) | 0.728 (0.726,0.729) | |
| Other | 0.827 (0.825,0.828) | 0.812 (0.811,0.814) | 0.809 (0.808,0.811) | |
| Education Level (reference, <High School) | ||||
| High school /GED equivalent | 1.202 (1.199,1.204) | 1.256 (1.254,1.259) | 1.360 (1.358,1.363) | |
| College/AA degree | 1.319 (1.317,1.321) | 1.416 (1.414,1.419) | 1.522 (1.520,1.525) | |
| College or above | 1.143 (1.140,1.145) | 1.331 (1.328,1.333) | 1.682 (1.679,1.686) | |
| Family Income (reference, 0~130% FPL) | ||||
| 130%~350% FPL | 0.715 (0.714,0.716) | 0.744 (0.743,0.745) | 0.841 (0.84,0.842) | |
| 350% FPL | 0.645 (0.644,0.646) | 0.705 (0.704,0.706) | 0.871 (0.87,0.873) | |
| Smoke Status (reference, Never Smoker) | ||||
| Former Smoker | 1.437 (1.435,1.439) | 1.346 (1.345,1.348) | ||
| Current Smoker | 1.439 (1.436,1.441) | 1.509 (1.507,1.511) | ||
| Drink Level (reference, None) | ||||
| Light | 0.955 (0.953,0.956) | 0.991 (0.990,0.993) | ||
| Moderate | 0.617 (0.616,0.618) | 0.752 (0.751,0.754) | ||
| Heavy | 0.754 (0.753,0.756) | 0.411 (0.41,0.412) | ||
| Caffeine Category (reference, <Q1) | ||||
| Q1~Q3 | 0.900 (0.899,0.901) | 0.901 (0.900,0.902) | ||
| >Q3 | 0.886 (0.884,0.887) | 0.865 (0.864,0.867) | ||
| BMI Category (reference, Normal Weight) | ||||
| Underweight | 1.254 (1.248,1.261) | |||
| Overweight | 1.241 (1.239,1.243) | |||
| Obese | 2.733 (2.728,2.737) | |||
| Hypertension (reference, No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.605 (1.603,1.607) | |||
| Diabetes (reference, No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.616 (1.613,1.618) | |||
| Depression (reference, No) | ||||
| Yes | 3.365 (3.360,3.370) | |||
OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; BMI, Body Mass Index. Model I: Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Model II: Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral characteristics. Model III: Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, and health characteristics.