Table 1.

Anatomical challenges for catheter-based TV repair

Frequent presence of a large (>40 mm) tricuspid annulus size with a non-planar and elliptical shape.

Thin and more delicate valve leaflets, often with deep clefts and folds.

High variability (quantity, density and location) of thin and fragile chordae.

Lack of calcium for device anchoring.

Angulation between the tricuspid annulus and the inferior and superior vena cava.

Frequent presence of pacemaker/defibrillator leads.

Proximity of structures such as the AV node or right His bundle branch, right coronary artery, coronary sinus, vena cava and right ventricular outflow tract.

TV, tricuspid valve; AV, atrio-ventricular.