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Flowchart for PFO-related stroke diagnosis and ‘high-risk PFO’ identification. c-TCD, contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler; c-TOE, contrast transoesophageal echocardiography; c-TTE, contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography; ESUS, embolic stroke of undetermined source; PFO, patent foramen ovale.
