Table 1.

Food groups used in the dietary pattern analysis ¹.

Food Groups	Food Items Included
Rice and rice products	Rice and other rice products, such as rice noodles and rice cakes
Corn and corn products	Milled corn, corn on a cob, and other corn products like cornstarch, corn pudding, popcorn, and corn chips
Other cereal products	Pandesal, bread, cookies/biscuits, cakes/pastries, noodles, flour, and others
Starchy roots and tubers	Sweet potatoes and products, potatoes and products, cassava and products, and other roots and tubers such as yam, taro, and arrowroot
Sugar and syrups	Sugars, jams, candies, honey, sweetened soda, sherbet, ice drop, ice candy, sugary foods like chocolates, and others
Dried beans, nuts, and seeds	Mungbean and products, soybeans and products, nuts and products, and other dried beans/seeds and products like almond, peas, sesame seed, green peas, tofu, and others
Green leafy and yellow vegetables	Green leafy vegetables, squash fruit, carrot, and other yellow vegetables
Other vegetables	Eggplant, string beans, bitter gourd, other wild vegetables, and other canned/processed vegetables
Fruits	Mango, citrus fruits, strawberry, guava, banana, watermelon, melon, jackfruit, pineapple, young coconut, and others
Fish and fish products	Fresh fish, dried fish, processed fish, crustaceans, and mollusks
Meat and meat products	Fresh meat, organ meat, and processed meat
Poultry	Chicken and other fowls like duck, goose, pigeon, turkey
Eggs	Hen’s egg, duck’s egg, and other eggs like quail egg and turkey egg
Milk and milk products	Fresh whole milk, evaporated milk, recombined milk, powdered milk, condensed milk, cheese, and other milk products like ice cream, yogurt, and cultured milk
Fats and oils	Cooking oil, coconut meat, coconut cream, pork drippings and lard, butter, margarine, peanut butter, and others
Beverages	Coffee, tea, alcoholic beverages, chocolate-based beverages, fruit-flavored drink, and others
Condiments and spices	Salt, vinegar, catsup, and other seasonings
Other miscellaneous food	Lemongrass, bay leaves, oregano, turmeric, food coloring, and others

¹ The food groups and food items were pre-identified in the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey.