Table 1.
Compilation of studies investigating sex-dependent normal tissue toxicity induced by cisplatin in animal models.
| Investigated Toxicity | Investigated Parameters | Gender-Dependent Effects | Study [Ref.] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats | Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, nitric oxide metabolite, malondialdehyde | Male rats: significantly greater levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde; also, greater kidney damage score (p < 0.05). | Nematbakhsh et al., 2013 [24] |
| Nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats | Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, kidney weight, kidney tissue damage score | Male rats: greater increase in blood urea nitrogen. Both sexes: significant body weight loss, increased serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen. |
Zamani et al., 2016 [27] |
| Nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats | Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, nitrite, kidney weight malondialdehyde | Male rats (young): lower blood urea nitrogen and creatinine than females; the highest creatinine clearance. Male rats (old): greater levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and kidney damage score than females. |
Pezeshki et al., 2017 [28] |
| Nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats | Creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen levels, sodium excretion | Female rats: significantly greater levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. | Jilanchi et al., 2018 [29] |
| Ototoxicity in Wistar albino rats | Distortion product otoacoustic emission; Auditory brainstem response |
Female rats: more pronounced hearing toxicity. | Kirkim et al., 2015 [30] |
| Neuropathic pain in mice | Cold/mechanical allodynia | No sex-related differences in cold or mechanical allodynia were observed. | Naji-Esfahani et al., 2016 [31] |
| Neuropathy in rats | Heat latency of hind paw; sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity; Pathological alterations in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglion |
Male rats: higher severity of weight loss, prolonged heat latency, slow motor nerve conduction velocity, atrophy of neuronal cell body and nucleus. Female rats: more significant reduction in myelinated fiber diameter and density, myelin thickness. |
Wongtawatchai et al., 2009 [32] |