Table 2.

Platinum compounds as chemotherapeutic agents with their possible advantages and therapeutic limitations as compared to cisplatin (adapted from [55]).

Platinum Compound	Benefits	Limitations	Normal Tissue Toxicity
Cisplatin	Potent cytotoxicity Most trialled platinum agent	High normal tissue toxicity Drug resistance	Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Neurotoxicity Gastrointestinal
Carboplatin	Reduced normal tissue toxicity (no nephrotoxicity).	Inferior tumour response rate.	Myelosuppression
Oxaliplatin	Reduced normal tissue toxicity and better tolerability. Greater cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA synthesis.	Conflicting results on the efficacy on cisplatin-resistant cell lines.	Neurotoxicity Hematologic Gastrointestinal
Nedaplatin	Reduced nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. Similar tumour control.	Often exhibits cross-resistance with cisplatin thus its clinical application is limited.	Thrombocytopenia
Mitaplatin	Exhibits toxic effects on cisplatin-resistant head and neck tumour cells. Better selectivity for tumour cells than cisplatin.	More research is needed to prove its clinical efficacy.	Neurotoxicity Hepatotoxicity (possible toxicities, not studied in humans)
Enloplatin	Tested in the 90 s without successful clinical implementation
Lobaplatin	Shows activity in various tumour types. Overcomes certain forms of cisplatin/carboplatin resistance.	Underexplored agent, needs trialling in combination with radiation.	Thrombocytopenia
Satraplatin	Efficient in cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Better toxicity profile than cisplatin.	New generation of orally active platinum agents. More investigations are needed.	Carboplatin-like toxicity profile
Tetraplatin/ormaplatin	Tested in the 90 s; under investigation by some research groups