Table 1.

Clinical conditions associated with cytokine storm. Abbreviations: HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; MCD, multicentric Castleman disease; HHV-8, human herpesvirus 8; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor.

Genetic/Idiopathic Diseases
Primary HLH Autoinflammatory diseases Idiopathic MCD
Secondary HLH-associated diseases
Autoimmune diseases Malignancies Intracellular pathogens
Infective diseases
Sepsis HHV-8 infection (secondary MCD) EBV infection Coronaviruses (SARS, MERS, COVID-19)
Iatrogenic causes
Blinatumomab CAR T cell therapy TGN1412