Table 3.

Association of the tertiles of visceral adiposity indexes with the development of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy

	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
	Model 1	P value	Model 2	P value
Nephropathy
VAI (ref: lower)	–		–
Middle	1.222 (0.976–1.531)	0.080	1.098 (0.873–1.382)	0.425
Upper	1.571 (1.251–1.973)	< 0.001	1.338 (1.033–1.735)	0.028
CVAI (ref: lower)	–		–
Middle	1.136 (0.851–1.516)	0.387	0.989 (0.737–1.325)	0.938
Upper	1.690 (1.293–2.208)	< 0.001	1.317 (0.975–1.780)	0.073
Retinopathy
VAI (ref: lower)	–		–
Middle	1.025 (0.587–1.790)	0.930	0.765 (0.431–1.361)	0.363
Upper	1.536 (0.915–2.578)	0.104	0.696 (0.354–1.367)	0.292
CVAI (ref: lower)	–		–
Middle	2.198 (1.119–4.317)	0.022	1.369 (0.688–2.722)	0.371
Upper	2.335 (1.188–4.589)	0.014	1.134 (0.518–2.484)	0.754

Model 1: adjusted for age and sex

Model 2: age, sex, BMI group, education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, fasting glucose and use of antidiabetic medication;

VAI visceral adiposity index, CVAI Chinese visceral adiposity index