Table 4.
Comparison of median group values for anthropometric measures and medial gastrocnemius normalized muscle outcomes between the BoNT-A naive treatment group (n = 11) (a) and BoNT-A not-naive treatment group (n = 15) (b) for the baseline assessment (section 1) and the changes over the six-months follow-up (section 2).
| BoNT-A Naive Treatment (a) | BoNT-A Not-Naive Treatment (b) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Section 1: Baseline assessment | |||
| Age (years) | 3.3 (1.2) | 6.4 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Body mass (kg) | 13.6 (1.3) | 20.0 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| Body length (cm) | 91.0 (9.20) | 114.0 (26.0) | <0.001 |
| Leg length (cm) | 44.2 (5.0) | 55.4 (15.5) | <0.001 |
| nMV (mL/(kg⋅m)) | 1.47 (0.43) | 1.39 (0.62) | 0.959 |
| nML (%) | 23.6 (4.05) | 23.4 (3.46) | 0.838 |
| nMTUL (%) | 45.8 (1.92) | 45.5 (1.49) | 0.384 |
| aCSAnorm (mm2/kg) | 16.7 (6.40) | 17.8 (5.56) | 0.721 |
| EI (bit) | 153.2 (12.1) | 175.3 (22.4) | 0.020 |
| Growth rate (mL/mo) | 0.47 (0.25) | 0.42 (0.21) | 0.959 |
| Section 2: Changes over six-month follow-up | |||
| Interval (months) | 6.00 (1.00) | 7.00 (1.00) | |
| Δ Body mass (kg) | 1.20 (1.20)/(+8%) | 1.20 (1.00)/(+6%) | 0.959 |
| Δ Body length (cm) | 5.60 (3.90)/(+6%) | 3.20 (2.30)/(+3%) | 0.097 |
| Δ Leg length (cm) | 2.80 (2.80)/(+6%) | 3.00 (1.10)/(+5%) | 1.000 |
| Δ nMV (mL/(kg⋅m)) | −0.24 (0.38)/−16% | −0.08 (0.39)/−6% | 0.540 |
| Δ nML (%) | 0.47 (2.67)/+2% | −0.15 (0.82)/−1% | 0.474 |
| Δ nMTUL (%) | -0.56 (3.63)/−1% | 0.02 (1.79)/0% | 1.000 |
| Δ aCSAnorm (mm2/kg) | −2.89 (3.72)/−17% | −1.69 (1.73)/−10% | 0.574 |
| Δ EI (bit) | 7.80 (23.7)/+5% | 9.20 (36.2)/+5% | 1.000 |
| Growth rate during follow-up (Δ mL/Δ mo) | 0.038 (0.85) | 0.210 (1.07) | 0.838 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range)/percentage. The percentual differences were calculated based on the median difference scores and expressed relative to the median baseline data. The +/− refers to positive/negative differences compared to baseline data. Muscle growth rate was calculated as ratio of muscle volume (milliliter) per age (months). The growth rate during the follow-up period was calculated as the ratio of the change in muscle volume (mL) to the time of follow-up (months). Mann-Whitney U test with significance level of 0.01 was used after Bonferroni correction. Significant results were indicated with grey color. BoNT-A, botulinum neurotoxin type-A; n, number; kg, kilograms; cm, centimeter; mL, milliliter; nMV, muscle volume normalized to the product of body mass and body length; mL, milliliter; m, meter; mm, millimeter; nML, muscle belly length normalized to leg length; nMTUL, muscle–tendon unit complex length normalized to leg length; aCSAnorm, anatomical cross-sectional area normalized to body mass; EI, echo-intensity; mo, month.