Table 1.
Low potency anticholinergics (Score 1).
| Drug Name | ATC Code | Carnahan 2006 | Rudolph 2008 | Boustani 2008 |
Durán 2013 | Salahudeen 2015 |
Kiesel 2018 | Jun 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aclidinium inh | R03BB05 | 1 | ||||||
| Alimemazine * | R06AD01 | 1 | 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 | |||
| Alprazolam | N05BA12 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 or 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Alverine | A03AX08 | 1 | Disc | 1 or 2 | 0 | |||
| Amisulpride | N05AL05 | 1 | ||||||
| Ampicillin | J01CA01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Aripiprazole | N05AX12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Asenapine | N05AH05 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Atenolol | C07AB03 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Azathioprine | L04AX01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Benazepril | C09AA07 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Betaxolol | C07AB05 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Bisacodyl | A06AB02 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Bromocriptine | N04BC01 | 1 | 1 or 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Bromperidol | N05AD06 | 1 | ||||||
| Bupropion | N06AX12 | 0 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Captopril | C09AA01 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Cefamandole | J01DC03 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 0 | |||
| Cefoxitin | J01DC01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 0 | |||
| Celecoxib | M01AH01 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Cephalothin | J01DB03 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 0 | |||
| Cetirizine | R06AE07 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Cinnarizine | N07CA02 | 1 | ||||||
| Chlordiazepoxide | N05BA02 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Chlorthalidone | C03BA04 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Citalopram | N06AB04 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Clindamycin | J01FF01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Clonazepam | N03AE01 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Clorazepate | N05BA05 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 or 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Codeine | R05DA04 | 1 | 1 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Colchicine | M04AC01 | 0 | Disc | 1 or 3 | 0 | |||
| Cortisone | H02AB10 | 1 | Disc | 1 | ||||
| Cycloserine | J04AB01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 0 | |||
| Cyclosporine | L04AD01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 0 | |||
| Desloratadine | R06AX27 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Desvenlafaxine | N06AX23 | 1 | ||||||
| Dexamethasone | H02AB02 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Dextromethorphan | R05DA09 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Diazepam | N05BA01 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Digitoxin | C01AA04 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Digoxin | C01AA05 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 or 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Diltiazem | C08DB01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Dipyridamole | B01AC07 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Disopyramide | C01BA03 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 or 2 | |||
| Domperidone | A03FA03 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Entacapone | N04BX02 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Escitalopram | N06AB10 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Estazolam | N05CD04 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | |||
| Famotidine | A02BA03 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Fentanyl | N01AH01 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Fexofenadine | R06AX26 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Flunitrazepam | N05CD03 | Disc | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Flupentixol | N05AF01 | 1 | ||||||
| Fluoxetine | N06AB03 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Flurazepam | N05CD01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Fluvoxamine | N06AB08 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Furosemide | C03CA01 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 or 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Gentamicin | J01GB03 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Glycopyrronium inh | R03BB06 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| Guaifenesin | R05CA03 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Haloperidol | N05AD01 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Hydralazine | C02DB02 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Hydrocodone | R05DA03 | 0 | 1 or 2 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Hydrocortisone | H02AB09 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Iloperidone | N05AX14 | 1 | ||||||
| Ipratropium inh | R03BB01 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |||
| Isosorbide mononitrate | C01DA08 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Isosorbide dinitrate | C01DA14 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Ketorolac | M01AB15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Ketotifen | R06AX17 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | |||
| Levocetirizine | R06AE09 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Levodopa—carbidopa | N04BA02 | 0 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Lithium | N05AN01 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Loperamide | A07DA03 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Loratadine | R06AX13 | 0 | 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Lorazepam | N05BA06 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Lumiracoxib | M01AH06 | Disc | 1 | |||||
| Mebeverine | A03AA04 | 1 | ||||||
| Metformin | A10BA02 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Methocarbamol | M03BA03 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Methotrexate | L04AX03 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Methylprednisolone | H02AB04 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Metoclopramide | A03FA01 | 0 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Metoprolol | C07AB02 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Midazolam | N05CD08 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Mirtazapine | N06AX11 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Morphine | N02AA01 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Naratriptan | N02CC02 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Nefazodone | N06AX06 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Nifedipine | C08CA05 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Nizatidine | A02BA04 | 1 | Disc | 1 | ||||
| Oxazepam | N05BA04 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | |||
| Oxycodone | N02AA05 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Paliperidone | N05AX13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Pancuronium | M03AC01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | |||
| Phenelzine | N06AF03 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Phenobarbital | N03AA02 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Piperacillin | J01CA12 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Pramipexole | N04BC05 | 0 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | ||
| Prednisolone | H02AB06 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Prednisone | H02AB07 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Pridinol | M03BX03 | 1 | ||||||
| Pseudoephedrine | R01BA02 | 0 | 2 | Disc | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Quinidine | C01BA01 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Risperidone | N05AX08 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rotigotine patch | N04BC09 | 1 | ||||||
| Selegiline | N04BD01 | 0 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Sertraline | N06AB06 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Sumatriptan | N02CC01 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Temazepam | N05CD07 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Theophylline | R03DA04 | 1 | 1 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 2 | 1 | |
| Tiotixene | N05AF04 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 or 3 | 1 | ||
| Tiotropium inh | R03BB04 | 1 | ||||||
| Trandolapril | C09AA10 | 0 | Disc | 1 | 1 | |||
| Trazodone | N06AX05 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Triamcinolone | H02AB08 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Triamterene | C03DB02 | 1 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Trimebutine | A03AA05 | 1 | ||||||
| Triazolam | N05CD05 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Valproic acid | N03AG01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Vancomycin | J01XA01 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Venlafaxine | N06AX16 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Warfarin | B01AA03 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Ziprasidone | N05AE04 | 1 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Zolmitriptan | N02CC03 | Disc | 1 | 1 | 0 |
* Alimemazine/Trimeprazine. Disc = discrepant for the authors. Inh = inhalative.