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. 2022 Jan 24;11(2):147. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11020147

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Biofilm-forming abilities of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (ST^WT) and clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009 (ST^CI) treated with 1/2 MICs of ceftriaxone (CEF), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin (ERY), norfloxacin (NOR), and tetracycline (TET) in the absence (−) and presence (+) of phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) and the biofilm-forming abilities of ST^WT and ST^CI in Chromobacterium violaceum-cultured cell-free supernatant (CFS) in the absence (−) and presence (+) of PAβN. ns, *, **, and *** indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) and the significant difference between absence and presence of PAβN at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.