Table 1.
Potential biomarkers to evaluate intestinal health.
Measurement/Function | Biomarker Type |
---|---|
Antioxidant activity | Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Total antioxidant capacity |
Gene expression of host protein biomarkers and tight junction |
Fatty acid binding protein (FABP), Fibronectin, Occludin, Zonula occludens, Claudins |
Immune activity | Acute phase proteins, Calprotectin, Lipocalin, Immunoglobulins (IgA), Interferon gamma (INF-γ) |
Intestinal permeability | Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d), Trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), Bacterial translocation |
Enterocyte function | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Citrulline |