Table 1.
Positivity for calcification-related, inflammation, and cell death markers in native and experimentally calcified porcine aortic valve leaflets subjected to subdermal implantation in rats for 2 to 28 days.
| nAVL | 2d-iAVL | 7d-iAVL | 14d-iAVL | 28d-iAVL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cPLA2α | ± | ± | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
| IL-6 | − | − | −/± | ± | + |
| OPN | ± | ± | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
| Fetuin-A | ± | − | − | − | − |
| Anx-V | ± | ± | + | + | + |
| cl-C3 | − | − | − | − | − |
| MAP1 | − | − | − | − | − |
cPLA2α, calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2α; IL-6, interleukin-6; OPN, osteopontin; Anx-V, annexin-V; cl-C3, cleaved caspase-3; nAVL, native aortic valve leaflets; iAVL, aortic valve leaflets subdermally implanted for 2 to 28 days (d).