Table 1.
Comparison among characteristics of participants in four groups.
| Variables (Unit) | NMN_AM (n = 27) |
NMN_PM (n = 27) |
Placebo_AM (n = 27) |
Placebo_PM (n = 27) |
p-Value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | ± | SD | Mean | ± | SD | Mean | ± | SD | Mean | ± | SD | ||
| Age (year) | 72.2 | ± | 5.1 | 72.8 | ± | 4.3 | 72.5 | ± | 4.6 | 73.0 | ± | 4.7 | 0.92 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 | ± | 2.5 | 23.4 | ± | 2.8 | 22.3 | ± | 3.2 | 22.4 | ± | 2.2 | 0.46 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141.0 | ± | 14.5 | 140.3 | ± | 15.0 | 139.0 | ± | 15.4 | 137.2 | ± | 16.8 | 0.82 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.2 | ± | 7.8 | 79.3 | ± | 12.9 | 75.7 | ± | 10.4 | 72.9 | ± | 8.4 | 0.13 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 76.4 | ± | 12.2 | 78.1 | ± | 10.2 | 77.1 | ± | 9.9 | 76.4 | ± | 13.5 | 0.94 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 15.2 | ± | 5.3 | 15.6 | ± | 6.3 | 14.3 | ± | 5.5 | 14.7 | ± | 5.6 | 0.86 |
| Muscle mass (kg) | 38.0 | ± | 6.6 | 38.9 | ± | 7.2 | 37.7 | ± | 7.7 | 37.3 | ± | 6.4 | 0.86 |
| Bone mass (kg) | 2.2 | ± | 0.4 | 2.2 | ± | 0.4 | 2.1 | ± | 0.4 | 2.1 | ± | 0.3 | 0.80 |
| GDS score (point) | 1.6 | ± | 2.1 | 1.5 | ± | 1.8 | 1.0 | ± | 1.3 | 1.1 | ± | 1.4 | 0.58 |
| † Women (n (%)) | 18 (66.7) | 18 (66.7) | 18 (66.7) | 19 (70.4) | 0.99 | ||||||||
| † Poor sleep (yes; n (%)) | 19 (70.4) | 15 (55.6) | 12 (44.4) | 12 (44.4) | 0.18 | ||||||||
| † Medicine (yes; n (%)) | 16 (59.3) | 15 (55.6) | 16 (59.3) | 19 (70.4) | 0.70 | ||||||||
| † Medical history (yes; n (%)) | 22 (81.5) | 22 (81.5) | 23 (85.2) | 24 (88.9) | 0.86 | ||||||||
| † No-smoking (n (%)) | 21 (77.8) | 21 (77.8) | 19 (70.4) | 20 (74.1) | 0.89 | ||||||||
| † Quit smoking (n (%)) | 6 (23.1) | 6 (22.2) | 7 (25.9) | 6 (22.2) | |||||||||
| † Smoking (n (%)) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | |||||||||
| † No-drinking (n (%)) | 17 (63.0) | 14 (51.9) | 12 (44.4) | 13 (48.1) | 0.66 | ||||||||
| † ≤Drinking one day a month (n (%)) | 0 | 3 (11.1) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.7) | |||||||||
| † Drinking 2~3 days a month (n (%)) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (7.4) | 5 (18.5) | 3 (11.1) | |||||||||
| † ≤Drinking 1~7 days a week (n (%)) | 6 (22.2) | 8 (29.6) | 8 (29.6) | 10 (37.0) | |||||||||
| † Intake rate of supplementation (%) | 95.7 | ± | 7.8 | 97.8 | ± | 3.3 | 98.5 | ± | 3.0 | 98.2 | ± | 2.5 | 0.12 |
Note: Analysis of variance, †: Chi-square test, n: number of participants, SD: standard deviation, NMN: nicotinamide mononucleotide, BMI: body mass index, GDS: geriatric depression scale.