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. 2022 Feb 4;14(2):359. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020359

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(i) Microparticle (44 μm) swelling changes over time, on day 0 and swollen microparticles (79 μm) on day 30. (ii) Swelling kinetics: (a) Complete swelling index (SI) changes from day 0. (b) Swelling changes between each incubation time interval. (iii) Interplay of expansive intermolecular forces: (a) Schematic of microparticle swelling over time. (b) Insets represent the hydrolysis, degradation, hydration shell, and swelling that occurs over time in terms of active chemistry. (c) General view of water ingress over time and subsequent hydrolysis of the polymer, (d) Swelling profile timeline as it correlates with the schematic (taken from 23 μm population data) [50].