Table 1.
Effects of DOXO on cardiac morphology and function assessed by transthoracic echocardiography before starting the treatments with losartan, mirabegron, and their combination at week 4.
| Parameter (Unit) | Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | DOXO | DOXO + L | DOXO + M | DOXO + L + M | |
| SWTs (mm) | 3.57 ± 0.06 | 3.43 ± 0.09 | 3.35 ± 0.19 | 3.53 ± 0.15 | 3.34 ± 0.16 |
| SWTd (mm) | 2.17 ± 0.04 | 1.92 ± 0.09 | 1.90 ± 0.09 | 1.99 ± 0.09 | 1.98 ± 0.14 |
| PWTs (mm) | 3.1 ± 0.11 | 2.82 ± 0.10 | 2.97 ± 0.15 | 3.16 ± 0.12 | 3.09 ± 0.10 |
| PWTd (mm) | 1.76 ± 0.05 | 1.73 ± 0.09 | 1.86 ± 0.07 | 1.91 ± 0.05 | 1.83 ± 0.02 |
| AWTs (mm) | 3.34 ± 0.11 | 3.05 ± 0.13 | 3.09 ± 0.15 | 3.21 ± 0.16 | 3.04 ± 0.12 |
| AWTd (mm) | 2.01 ± 0.08 | 1.84 ± 0.08 | 1.84 ± 0.09 | 1.88 ± 0.07 | 1.82 ± 0.09 |
| IWTs (mm) | 3.09 ± 0.1 | 2.88 ± 0.17 | 2.93 ± 0.11 | 3.01 ± 0.23 | 2.97 ± 0.07 |
| IWTd (mm) | 1.81 ± 0.07 | 1.85 ± 0.15 | 1.81 ± 0.1 | 1.94 ± 0.13 | 1.86 ± 0.08 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 7.02 ± 0.26 | 7.07 ± 0.21 | 7.10 ± 0.19 | 6.72 ± 0.24 | 6.86 ± 0.31 |
| LVESD (mm) | 3.04 ± 0.17 | 3.55 ± 0.23 * | 3.62 ± 0.25 * | 3.41 ± 0.08 * | 3.43 ± 0.31 * |
| FS (%) | 57 ± 1 | 50 ± 2 | 49 ± 3 | 53 ± 2 | 51 ± 3 |
| EF (%) | 90 ± 1 | 85 ± 1 | 84 ± 3 | 88 ± 1 | 86 ± 2 |
| E (m/s) | 0.90 ± 0.04 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 0.92 ± 0.05 |
| e’ (m/s) | 0.089 ± 0.009 | 0.076 ± 0.008 | 0.066 ± 0.007 | 0.064 ± 0.009 | 0.085 ± 0.014 |
| E/e’ | 10 ± 2 | 13 ± 1 | 15 ± 2 | 15 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 |
| IVRT (ms) | 17 ± 0.64 | 18 ± 0.81 | 16 ± 0.65 | 16 ± 0.95 | 17 ± 0.7 |
| IVCT (ms) | 16 ± 0.67 | 15 ± 0.67 | 15 ± 0.47 | 16 ± 0.99 | 15 ± 0.78 |
| HR (1/min) | 365 ± 9 | 368 ± 9 | 363 ± 11 | 382 ± 15 | 381 ± 7 |
Values are presented as mean ± S.E.M., * p < 0.05 vs. control group (n = 8–9, ANOVA on ranks in cases of IWTd, PWTd, E, e’, and E/e’, and one-way ANOVA for the other parameters, Holm-Sidak post hoc test). AWT: anterior wall thickness, d: diastole, DOXO: doxorubicin, E-velocity: early ventricular filling velocity, e’-velocity: diastolic septal mitral annulus velocity, EF: ejection fraction, FS: fractional shortening, HR: heart rate, IVCT: isovolumic relaxation time, IVRT: isovolumic contraction time, IWT: inferior wall thickness, L: losartan, LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter, M: mirabegron, PWT: posterior wall thickness, s: systole, SWT: septal wall thickness.